Liesegang rings in an apocrine hidrocystoma: a case report and review of literature

Gilchrist, Heidi; Wick, Mark R.; Patterson, James W.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2010.01559.x

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The majority of eyelid hidrocystomas are clear, milky, or show a bluish discoloration because of the Tyndall effect but clear fluid on lancing, 2,9 whereas eyelid hidrocystomas showing a darker clinical appearance contain pigmented (brown) cyst contents. 11,14,15,17,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Like typical eyelid hidrocystomas, this group of singular cases of pigmented hidrocystomas did not show a sex, site, or side predilection or more frequent occurrence of multiple cysts. However, it is suspected that closer examination and more precise description of apocrine hidrocystomas would result in detection of a greater number and variety of colored cysts.…”

Section: Cells (3 Cases and 3 Controls)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigmented Eyelid Cysts Revisited

Al‐Rohil

Meyer

Slodkowska

et al. 2014

The American Journal of Dermatopathology

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A minority of eyelid hidrocystomas are pigmented containing brown-black contents. Chromhidrosis describes the excretion of colored secretions composed of lipofuscin pigments in apocrine gland-rich anatomic locations. The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathologic features of pigmented eyelid cysts. A case-control study was conducted, examining consecutive pigmented and nonpigmented eyelid hidrocystoma excision specimens. Over a 4-year period, 9 pigmented eyelid hidrocystomas were identified, representing 13% (9/70) of all hidrocystoma excisions. Compared to controls (n = 14), no difference existed for age [mean age 59 (44-78 years) vs. 60 (42-82 years)] or size [mean diameter 2.3 (1-4 mm) vs. 2.7 (1-5 mm)] (pigmented vs. nonpigmented, respectively), but a trend for female, left side, and lower lid predominance for pigmented hidrocystomas existed: 8:1 versus 7:7 F:M; 7:2 versus 7:7 left:right; 8:1 versus 9:5 lower:upper eyelid (pigmented vs. nonpigmented, respectively). Clinically, the pigmented cysts' color varied from dark blue, brown, and to black, and on gross examination, they expressed dark brown to black granular liquid contents. Applying histologic criteria of Jakobiec and Zakka, 8 of 9 and 14 of 14 pigmented and nonpigmented hidrocystomas were of apocrine type. Seven of 9 (78%) pigmented cysts and 6 of 14 (43%) nonpigmented hidrocystomas contained granular eosinophilic cyst contents and/or intracellular cytoplasmic granular pigmented deposits by light microscopy. (The pigmented cyst contents did not survive processing in 2 cases.) By histochemistry (periodic acid Schiff with diastase, Sudan Black, and Fite acid-fast positive staining) and ultraviolet fluorescence, these sediments were determined to be lipofuscin pigments. No hidrocystomas had melanin deposits, and one case had hemosiderin deposits in a scarred cyst wall in addition to cyst lipofuscin pigments. In studies of chromhidrosis, both normal and chromhidrotic apocrine glands contain lipofuscin pigments; the sole difference lies in the amount of lipofuscin granules. Similarly, for eyelid apocrine hidrocystomas, lipofuscin pigments exist in both groups. Presumptively, the amount of lipofuscin and degree of its oxidation distinguish pigmented from nonpigmented apocrine hidrocystomas.

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Section: Cells (3 Cases and 3 Controls)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigmented Eyelid Cysts Revisited

Al‐Rohil

Meyer

Slodkowska

et al. 2014

The American Journal of Dermatopathology

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“…Although the periodic patterns formed by Turing and Liesegang mechanisms resemble each other, the Liesegang pattern has a characteristic periodicity described by a geometric series, known as the spacing law, which indicates that Turing and Liesegang mechanisms contribute independently to pattern formation in nature. However, interdisciplinary discussions on the Liesegang mechanism from chemical, biological, and numerical viewpoints are less vigorous than those on the well-understood Turing patterns, which limits comparative understanding of Liesegang mechanisms in animate − or inanimate systems . To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the Liesegang mechanism, modification of the conventional chemical model to a more generalized model would be helpful.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liesegang Mechanism with a Gradual Phase Transition

et al. 2017

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We report a novel and generalized chemical model for the Liesegang mechanism that involves gradual phase transitions of macromolecules, unlike previous models that involved definite and discontinuous phase transitions. As a model system, an agarose gel medium doped with an initiator was contacted with a solution containing monomer 2-methoxyethyl acrylate (MEA), in which monomers diffused into the gel medium and initiated a polymerization reaction. As there is a monomer concentration gradient along the diffusion direction, the degree of polymerization and the corresponding degree of insolubility showed a similar spatial gradient in the reaction medium because molecular solubility gradually changes from soluble to insoluble with an increase in the degree of polymerization. Under this condition with such a spatial gradient in the degree of polymerization, multiple bands satisfying the spacing law were formed by repetitive precipitation and depletion of insoluble poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA). In contrast to the Liesegang mechanism for salt formation reactions with definite transition points, such as the solubility product and nucleation threshold, our model involves a gradual transition with a nonzero transition width. The width of the transition point would be the governing parameter for the appearance and characteristics of periodic pattern formation. This model with a nonzero transition width is largely generalized and applicable to various processes involving any solubility transition and thus can be used as a generalized Liesegang model that can be applied to any system with both definite and gradual transitions.

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“…Precipitation reactions that occur in a gel matrix may result in the creation of a range of patterns for particle transport. These include static patterns with spatial regularities, such as the Liesegang pattern − and tree-like patterns, , and dynamic patterns that involve propagating waves, such as those generated by the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. , The creation of these patterns is an important phenomenon that can be exploited for implementation in diverse applications that include determination of the onset of patterning in reaction–diffusion systems, ,− material synthesis through the use of the self-organization approach, − diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis, microscopic examination of mucocutaneous lesions, calcification of epithelial odontogenic tumors, and fine-needle aspiration of breast cysts. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagating Precipitation Waves in Disordered Media

et al. 2017

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The study presented in this paper investigates form changes of propagating waves generated through precipitation reactions in a gel matrix that possesses an inhomogeneous microstructure. The waves demonstrate form changes from a single ring-like pattern to multiple target-like waves. Subsequently, the waves take up a spiral form and ultimately manifest themselves in the form of a turbulence pattern that intensifies with increasing fluctuations within the gel structure. An investigation into the dynamics of the precipitation waves reveals the existence of an anomalous diffusion. The effective diffusion coefficients are found to increase linearly with the quenching temperature. Further, it is revealed through the analysis of the anomalous diffusion dynamics that precipitation patterns could be adequately controlled by adjusting the permeability fluctuations within the gel structure. The findings of this study lead to a greater understanding of the spontaneous creation of precipitation patterns by a system driven by disorder.

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Liesegang rings in an apocrine hidrocystoma: a case report and review of literature

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Pigmented Eyelid Cysts Revisited

Pigmented Eyelid Cysts Revisited

Liesegang Mechanism with a Gradual Phase Transition

Propagating Precipitation Waves in Disordered Media

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