Liebermann-Burchard Reaction for Steroids

Nath, Mahendra; Chakravorty, Moumita; Chowdhury, Sujoy Roy

doi:10.1038/157103b0

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Much of earlier data on cholesterol content of foods before and during the early 1980s and even recently were produced by either spectrophotometric, gravimetric, or enzymatic methods, many of which were originally developed to measure cholesterol in blood serum (Man and Peters 1933; Sperry and Brand 1943; Coelho and Alves 1946; Nath and others 1946; Kenny 1952; Searcy and Bergquist 1960; Allain and others 1974; Sweeney and Weihrauch 1976; Rhee and others 1982a, 1982b; Hoelscher and others 1988; Auerbach and others 1990; Browning and others 1990; Fenton 1992; Abu‐Tarboush and Dawood 1993; Morris and others 1995; Sales and others 1999; Caldironi and Manes 2006). Cholesterol in foods has been determined gravimetrically by precipitation using digitonin or tomatin; however, use of digitonin has been more common (Sweeney and Weihrauch 1976; Bragagnolo 2009).…”

Section: Cholesterol Analytical Methods In Meat and Poultry Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholesterol Content and Methods for Cholesterol Determination in Meat and Poultry

Dinh

Thompson

Galyean

et al. 2011

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

103

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Available data for cholesterol content of beef, pork, poultry, and processed meat products were reported. Although the cholesterol concentration in meat and poultry can be influenced by various factors, effects of animal species, muscle fiber type, and muscle fat content are focused on in this review. Oxidative red muscles tend to have greater total lipid and cholesterol contents, although differences in the same types of muscles or cuts have been reported. Moreover, contradictory results among various studies suggest that unless there are pronounced changes in muscle structure and composition, cholesterol content is unlikely to be affected. Second, multiple issues in cholesterol analysis, including sample preparation, detection, and quantification, were evaluated. Cholesterol content of meat and poultry has been determined mostly by colorimetry and chromatography, although the latter has become predominant because of technological advances and method performance. Direct saponification has been the preferred method for hydrolyzing samples because of cost‐ and time‐effectiveness. The extraction solvent varies, but toluene seems to provide sufficient recovery in a single extraction, although the possible formation of an emulsion associated with using toluene requires experience in postsaponification manipulation. The most commonly used internal standard is 5α‐cholestane, although its behavior is not identical to that of cholesterol. Cholesterol can be analyzed routinely by gas chromatography (GC)‐flame ionization detector without derivatization; however, other methods, especially high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with different detectors, can also be used. For research purposes, HPLC‐ultraviolet/Visible/photodiode array detector with nondestructiveness is preferred, especially when cholesterol must be separated from other coexisting compounds such as tocopherols. More advanced methods, such as GC/HPLC‐isotope dilution/mass spectrometry, are primarily used for quality control purposes.

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Section: Cholesterol Analytical Methods In Meat and Poultry Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholesterol Content and Methods for Cholesterol Determination in Meat and Poultry

Dinh

Thompson

Galyean

et al. 2011

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

103

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“…The appearance of stable foam confirmed the presence of saponins in plant extract. Liebermann-Burchard test was used to analyse the presence of steroids in which 2 mL of acetic anhydride was mixed with 0.5 mL plant extract followed by 2 mL H 2 SO 4 [25]. The absence of any colour change indicated the presence of steroids.…”

Section: Phytochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro antimitotic and cytotoxic potential of plant extracts: a comparative study of Mucuna pruriens, Asteracantha longifolia and Sphaeranthus indicus

Gupta

Patel

2020

Futur J Pharm Sci

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Background Plants have been used in alternative and traditional medicines for the cure of different types of diseases since ancient time. Secondary metabolites from natural sources play a crucial role in the treatment of various ailments. The present study carried out to investigate the phytochemical, antimitotic and cytotoxic activity of methanolic (95%) extracts of Mucuna pruriens seeds, Asteracantha longifolia seeds and Sphaeranthus indicus stems. Result Phytochemical analysis was performed using qualitative test to confirm the presence of phytochemical such as flavonoids, terpenoids, amino acids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, steroids, tannins, phenols and carbohydrates. The antimitotic activity was screened by using Allium cepa root meristematic cells. Methotrexate (0.1 mg/mL) was used as a standard. The data was analyzed by using software GraphPad Prism, Version 6.0 (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, CA) with one-way ANOVA. A statistical difference of p < 0.05 was considered significant in all cases. p value of M. pruriens seeds, A. longifolia seeds and S. indicus stems calculated p = 0.0001 for all plant extracts. Cytotoxic potential of all three plant extracts have been studied on breast cancer cell line MCF7 and lung cancer cell line A549. M. pruriens showed mild cytotoxicity with IC50 values 36.74 μg/mL on MCF7 and 39.42 μg/mL on A549 cell line. A. longifolia showed better activity on MCF7 with IC50 of 12.32 μg/mL and the S. indicus showed the least activity on MCF7 with IC50 of 185.56 μg/mL. The A. longifolia showed better activity on A549 with IC50 of 16.53 μg/mL. Conclusion A. longifolia has significant amount of nearly all phytochemicals as compared to other two plant extracts. It is found that all three plant extracts showed antimitotic activity having p value less than 0.05. The cytotoxicity assay revealed that all plant extracts displayed inhibition of MCF7 and A549 cells lines. A. longifolia showed better activity against MCF7 while M. pruriens possessed mild cytotoxic effect against both MCF7 and A549 cell lines.

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“…The amount of β-Sit in solution was determined by a simplified calorimetric method based on the reaction of sterols with a solution of sulfuric acid in acetic anhydride (Liebermann-Burchard reagent) as described in previous studies [24,25,26,27,28,29,30]. Briefly, 80 mg of β-Sit were weighted and solubilized under stirring in 20 mL of dichloromethane (DCM).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of β-Sitosterol Loaded PLGA and PEG-PLA Nanoparticles for Effective Treatment of Breast Cancer: Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization, and Antitumor Activity

et al. 2018

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β-Sitosterol (β-Sit) is a dietary phytosterol with demonstrated anticancer activity against a panel of cancers, but its poor solubility in water limits its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. In this study, poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and block copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(lactic acid) (PEG-PLA) were used to encapsulate β-Sit into nanoparticles with the aim of enhancing its in vitro anticancer activity. β-Sitosterol-loaded PLGA and PEG-PLA nanoparticles (β-Sit-PLGA and β-Sit-PEG-PLA) were prepared by using a simple emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. The nanoparticles were characterized for size, particle size distribution, surface charge, and encapsulation efficiency. Their cellular uptake and antiproliferative activity was evaluated against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells using flow cytometry and MTT assays, respectively. β-Sit-PLGA and β-Sit-PEG-PLA nanoparticles were spherical in shape with average particle sizes of 215.0 ± 29.7 and 240.6 ± 23.3 nm, a zeta potential of −13.8 ± 1.61 and −23.5 ± 0.27 mV, respectively, and with narrow size distribution. The encapsulation efficiency of β-Sit was 62.89 ± 4.66 and 51.83 ± 19.72 % in PLGA and PEG-PLA nanoparticles, respectively. In vitro release in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and PBS/with 0.2% Tween 20 showed an initial burst release, followed by a sustained release for 408 h. β-Sit-PLGA nanoparticles were generally stable in a protein-rich medium, whereas β-Sit-PEG-PLA nanoparticles showed a tendency to aggregate. Flow cytometry analysis (FACS) indicated that β-Sit-PLGA nanoparticles were efficiently taken up by the cells in contrast to β-Sit-PEG-PLA nanoparticles. β-Sit-PLGA nanoparticles were therefore selected to evaluate antiproliferative activity. Cell viability was inhibited by up to 80% in a concentration range of 6.64–53.08 μg/mL compared to the untreated cells. Taken together, encapsulation of β-Sitosterol in PLGA nanoparticles is a promising strategy to enhance its anticancer activity against breast cancer cells.

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Liebermann-Burchard Reaction for Steroids

Cited by 36 publications

References 3 publications

Cholesterol Content and Methods for Cholesterol Determination in Meat and Poultry

Cholesterol Content and Methods for Cholesterol Determination in Meat and Poultry

In vitro antimitotic and cytotoxic potential of plant extracts: a comparative study of Mucuna pruriens, Asteracantha longifolia and Sphaeranthus indicus

Evaluation of β-Sitosterol Loaded PLGA and PEG-PLA Nanoparticles for Effective Treatment of Breast Cancer: Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization, and Antitumor Activity

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