Lidar Observations of Aerosol Disturbances of the Stratosphere over Tomsk (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mn>56.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>∘</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math>N;<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mn>85.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>∘</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math>E) in Volcanic Activity Period 2006–2011

Bazhenov, O. E.; Burlakov, V. D.; Dolgii, S. I.; Nevzorov, Aleksey V.

doi:10.1155/2012/786295

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The satellite-derived volcanic forcing used for CCMI misses much of the volcanic aerosol in the lowermost stratosphere at Northern high latitudes. [Bazhenov et al, 2012]. The comparison to the Geesthacht measurements is excellent for the 10 Tg SO 2 Pinatubo simulation.…”

Section: 1002/2015jd024290mentioning

confidence: 67%

“…(a) Lidar measurements above 10 km at Ny‐Ålesund (green curves, 78.9°N, 11.9°W) from January to September 2008 and February to September 2009 [ Ridley et al , ; Hoffmann , ] are compared to latitude‐weighted 60–90°N averages of WACCM calculations and climatologies. (b) Lidar measurements above the tropopause at Geesthacht (grey circles with 1 σ error bars, 53.4°N, 10.4°E) from August 1991 to December 1992 [ Ansmann et al , ], and above 12 km at Tomsk (green curves, 56.5°N, 85.0°E) from January 2006 to December 2013 [ Bazhenov et al , ], are compared to WACCM at 55.9°N, CCMI at 57.5°N, and Sato et al and Vernier et al at 45‐60°N. (c) Lidar measurements above the tropopause at Tsukuba (green curves, 36.1°N, 140.1°E) from January 2008 to July 2013 [ Uchino et al , ] are compared to WACCM at 36.9°N, CCMI at 37.5°N, and Sato et al and Vernier et al at 30–45°N.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure b compares WACCM SAOD calculations at 55.9°N to lidar measurements above the tropopause at Geesthacht (53.4°N, 10.4°E) from August 1991 to December 1992 [ Ansmann et al , ] and above 12 km at Tomsk (56.5°N, 85.0°E) from January 2006 to December 2013 [ Bazhenov et al , ]. The comparison to the Geesthacht measurements is excellent for the 10 Tg SO 2 Pinatubo simulation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global volcanic aerosol properties derived from emissions, 1990–2014, using CESM1(WACCM)

et al. 2016

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Accurate representation of global stratospheric aerosols from volcanic and nonvolcanic sulfur emissions is key to understanding the cooling effects and ozone losses that may be linked to volcanic activity. Attribution of climate variability to volcanic activity is of particular interest in relation to the post-2000 slowing in the rate of global average temperature increases. We have compiled a database of volcanic SO 2 emissions and plume altitudes for eruptions from 1990 to 2014 and developed a new prognostic capability for simulating stratospheric sulfate aerosols in the Community Earth System Model. We used these combined with other nonvolcanic emissions of sulfur sources to reconstruct global aerosol properties from 1990 to 2014. Our calculations show remarkable agreement with ground-based lidar observations of stratospheric aerosol optical depth (SAOD) and with in situ measurements of stratospheric aerosol surface area density (SAD). These properties are key parameters in calculating the radiative and chemical effects of stratospheric aerosols. Our SAOD calculations represent a clear improvement over available satellite-based analyses, which generally ignore aerosol extinction below 15 km, a region that can contain the vast majority of stratospheric aerosol extinction at middle and high latitudes. Our SAD calculations greatly improve on that provided for the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative, which misses about 60% of the SAD measured in situ on average during both volcanically active and volcanically quiescent periods.

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Section: 1002/2015jd024290mentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global volcanic aerosol properties derived from emissions, 1990–2014, using CESM1(WACCM)

et al. 2016

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“…The polarization lidar at Tsukuba (36.1°N, 140.1°E) provides backscatter integrals both above the tropopause and above 15 km [Uchino et al, 2012]. The lidar based at Tomsk (56.5°N, 85.0°E) makes similar measurements of integrated backscatter both above 12 km and 15 km [Bazhenov et al, 2011]. At Ny Ålesund (78.9°N, 11.9°W), lidar backscatter was obtained both above 10 km and 15 km [Hoffmann et al, 2009], while at Mauna Loa (19.5°N, 155.6°W), backscatter integrated above the tropopause (typically at 15-16 km) has been monitored since 2000 [Hofmann et al, 2009].…”

Section: Observational Data Setsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total volcanic stratospheric aerosol optical depths and implications for global climate change

Ridley

Solomon

Barnes³

et al. 2014

Geophysical Research Letters

188

214

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Understanding the cooling effect of recent volcanoes is of particular interest in the context of the post-2000 slowing of the rate of global warming. Satellite observations of aerosol optical depth above 15 km have demonstrated that small-magnitude volcanic eruptions substantially perturb incoming solar radiation. Here we use lidar, Aerosol Robotic Network, and balloon-borne observations to provide evidence that currently available satellite databases neglect substantial amounts of volcanic aerosol between the tropopause and 15 km at middle to high latitudes and therefore underestimate total radiative forcing resulting from the recent eruptions. Incorporating these estimates into a simple climate model, we determine the global volcanic aerosol forcing since 2000 to be À0.19 ± 0.09 Wm À2 . This translates into an estimated global cooling of 0.05 to 0.12°C. We conclude that recent volcanic events are responsible for more post-2000 cooling than is implied by satellite databases that neglect volcanic aerosol effects below 15 km.

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“…Vernier et al (2011b) used satellite observations to address this increase and found that the trend increased after year 2005 in connection with volcanic eruptions, reaching the tropical stratosphere. The volcanic aerosol was eventually transported to mid-latitudes (Vernier et al, 2009), increasing the aerosol abundance in both the northern (Hofmann et al, 2009;Bazhenov et al, 2012) and southern hemisphere (Nagai et al, 2010). Solomon et al (2011) estimated the effect of the stratospheric volcanic aerosol for the time period 2000Á2010, to have had a mean radiative forcing of (0.1 W m (2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of increase in lowermost stratospheric sulphurous and carbonaceous aerosol background concentrations during 1999–2008 derived from CARIBIC flights

Friberg¹,

Martinsson²,

Andersson

et al. 2014

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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A B S T R A C TThis study focuses on sulphurous and carbonaceous aerosol, the major constituents of particulate matter in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS), based on in situ measurements from 1999 to 2008. Aerosol particles in the size range of 0.08Á2 mm were collected monthly during intercontinental flights with the CARIBIC passenger aircraft, presenting the first long-term study on carbonaceous aerosol in the LMS. Elemental concentrations were derived via subsequent laboratory-based ion beam analysis. The stoichiometry indicates that the sulphurous fraction is sulphate, while an O/C ratio of 0.2 indicates that the carbonaceous aerosol is organic. The concentration of the carbonaceous component corresponded on average to approximately 25% of that of the sulphurous, and could not be explained by forest fires or biomass burning, since the average mass ratio of Fe to K was 16 times higher than typical ratios in effluents from biomass burning. The data reveal increasing concentrations of particulate sulphur and carbon with a doubling of particulate sulphur from 1999 to 2008 in the northern hemisphere LMS. Periods of elevated concentrations of particulate sulphur in the LMS are linked to downward transport of aerosol from higher altitudes, using ozone as a tracer for stratospheric air. Tropical volcanic eruptions penetrating the tropical tropopause are identified as the likely cause of the particulate sulphur and carbon increase in the LMS, where entrainment of lower tropospheric air into volcanic jets and plumes could be the cause of the carbon increase.

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Lidar Observations of Aerosol Disturbances of the Stratosphere over Tomsk (56.5∘N;85.0∘E) in Volcanic Activity Period 2006–2011

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Global volcanic aerosol properties derived from emissions, 1990–2014, using CESM1(WACCM)

Global volcanic aerosol properties derived from emissions, 1990–2014, using CESM1(WACCM)

Total volcanic stratospheric aerosol optical depths and implications for global climate change

Sources of increase in lowermost stratospheric sulphurous and carbonaceous aerosol background concentrations during 1999–2008 derived from CARIBIC flights

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