Lichenometric dating in southeast iceland: the size–frequency approach

Bradwell, Tom

doi:10.1111/j.0435-3676.2004.00211.x

Cited by 56 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A longer chronology has been proposed by Bradwell (2004, 2005) for the Heinabergsjökull moraines lying immediately inside the proposed 1887 AD moraines of . This is based upon the employment of the size-frequency lichenometric method and the discovery of tephras in the moraine stratigraphy, suggesting a date of sometime between 1850 and 1887 AD, using Bradwell's (2004) age-gradient curve, or 1818-1886 AD, using Bradwell's (2001) age-size curve. These calculations infer an older age for Evans et al's (1999) outer moraine, a moraine that Dabski (2002Dabski ( , 2007 suggests dates to 1870-1894 AD using a variety of dating methods and archives.…”

Section: Historical Evolution Of the Fláajökull Snout And Forelandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fláajökull (north lobe), Iceland: active temperate piedmont lobe glacial landsystem

2015

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A 1:6250 map of the foreland of Fláajökull's north lobe as it appeared in 1989, together with a 1:350 scale map of a sample area of recently exposed glacial landforms from 2014, enables an assessment of the spatial and temporal evolution of glacial landform assemblages at the margin of an active temperate piedmont lobe terminating at ice-marginal thickening till wedges. The pattern of landform development captured in these maps indicates that the glacier margin developed strong longitudinal crevassing and well-developed ice-marginal pecten (threedimensional crenulations) during its historical recession. This is recorded by early recessional phase linear push moraines on well-drained distal slopes of the foreland and the later development of interrelated sawtooth moraines, crevasse squeeze ridges and till eskers, indicative of extending ice flow and poorly drained submarginal conditions. This landform record is a palaeoglaciological signature of a changing process-form regime inherent within the active temperate piedmont lobe landsystem model.

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Section: Historical Evolution Of the Fláajökull Snout And Forelandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fláajökull (north lobe), Iceland: active temperate piedmont lobe glacial landsystem

2015

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“…However, there is some uncertainty about the oldest moraine ridges in S Iceland (Kirkbridge and Dugmore 2001;Bradwell 2001Bradwell , 2004McKinzey et al 2004;Bradwell et al 2006;Chenet et al , 2011Dąb-ski 2010), and the oldest moraines could have been created in the 18 th or even 17 th centuries, or could have been eroded (Kirkbridge and Winkler 2012). The recession rate, as well as the age of test sites, is shown on Text- fig.…”

Section: Glacial Forelands and Location Of Test Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Handysurf E-35B electronic profilometer for the study of weathering micro-relief in glacier forelands in SE Iceland

Dąbski

2015

Acta Geologica Polonica

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ABSTRACT:Dąbski, M. 2015. Application of the Handysurf E-35B electronic profilometer for the study of weathering micro-relief in glacier forelands in SE Iceland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 65 (3), 389-401. Warszawa.This article presents the results of weathering micro-roughness measurements performed with the use of a Handysurf E-35B electronic profilometer, a new tool in geomorphological studies. Measurements were performed on glacially abraded basaltic surfaces within the Little Ice Age (LIA) glacial forelands of Hoffelsjökull, Fláajökull, Skálafellsjökull and Virkisjökull in Iceland. Results show a statistical increase in micro-roughness in a direction from the glacial termini to LIA moraines. However, a major change in the micro-roughness of basaltic surfaces only occurs during the first 80 to 100 years since the onset of subaerial weathering. Increase in rock surface micro-roughness is accompanied by an increase in weathering rind thickness and a decrease in Schmidt hammer R-values. Micro-roughness measurements with the use of the Handysurf E-35B can provide insights into initial rates of rock surface micro-relief development. The use of this instrument as a relative dating technique is limited to fine-grained rocks and decadal time-scales of weathering because of the limited range of measureable micro-relief amplitude.

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“…Bradwell (2004a) also found evidence of late 18 th and early 19 th century advances at two glaciers draining the southern flanks of Öraefajökull. The outermost moraine fragment at Fjallsjökull, dated using the gradient of the lichen size-frequency distribution, probably formed during the 1780s (Bradwell 2004a). …”

Section: Geomorphological Evidence Of Glacier Fluctuations In Icelandmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Little Ice Age glacier maximum in Iceland and the North Atlantic Oscillation: evidence from Lambatungnajökull, southeast Iceland

Bradwell

Dugmore

Sugden

2008

Boreas

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This article examines the link between late Holocene fluctuations of Lambatungnajökull, an outlet glacier of the Vatnajökull ice cap in Iceland, and variations in climate. Geomorphological evidence is used to reconstruct the pattern of glacier fluctuations, while lichenometry and tephrostratigraphy are used to date glacial landforms deposited over the past ˜400 years. Moraines dated using two different lichenometric techniques indicate that the most extensive period of glacier expansion occurred shortly before c. AD 1795, probably during the 1780s. Recession over the last 200 years was punctuated by re‐advances in the 1810s, 1850s, 1870s, 1890s and c. 1920, 1930 and 1965. Lambatungnajökull receded more rapidly in the 1930s and 1940s than at any other time during the last 200 years. The rate and style of glacier retreat since 1930 compare well with other similar‐sized, non‐surging, glaciers in southeast Iceland, suggesting that the terminus fluctuations are climatically driven. Furthermore, the pattern of glacier fluctuations over the 20th century broadly reflects the temperature oscillations recorded at nearby meteorological stations. Much of the climatic variation experienced in southern Iceland, and the glacier fluctuations that result, can be explained by secular changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) Advances of Lambatungnajökull generally occur during prolonged periods of negative NAO index. The main implication of this work relates to the exact timing of the Little Ice Age in the Northeast Atlantic. Mounting evidence now suggests that the period between AD 1750 and 1800, rather than the late 19th century, represented the culmination of the Little Ice Age in Iceland.

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Lichenometric dating in southeast iceland: the size–frequency approach

Cited by 56 publications

References 41 publications

Fláajökull (north lobe), Iceland: active temperate piedmont lobe glacial landsystem

Fláajökull (north lobe), Iceland: active temperate piedmont lobe glacial landsystem

Application of the Handysurf E-35B electronic profilometer for the study of weathering micro-relief in glacier forelands in SE Iceland

The Little Ice Age glacier maximum in Iceland and the North Atlantic Oscillation: evidence from Lambatungnajökull, southeast Iceland

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