Lichen Sclerosus Accompanied by Urethral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study From a Urethral Referral Center

Abstract

To evaluate the characteristics of lichen sclerosus (LS) accompanied by urethral squamous cell carcinoma (USCC) and to raise urologists’ awareness about the early management of LS, a retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of 18 male genital LS accompanied by USCC patients who were referred to Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital between June 2000 and August 2014. All of the patients had a long-term history of LS, urethral strictures, and urethral dilatation. Seven patients are with distal (glanular or penile) USCC, 10 patients with proximal USCC, and one with entire USCC. The most common presentation, except for LS and urethral strictures, was periurethral abscess, followed by extraurethral mass, pelvic pain, urethrocutaneous fistula, hematuria, and bloody urethral discharge. All had primary surgical excision that was adapted to tumor location and extension. All of the USCC were positive for P53 and Ki-67. P16 was positive in four cases of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated USCC and negative in 14 cases of HPV-independent USCC. Patients with distal USCC had a significant longer survival time than proximal USCC (p < .05). LS should be treated early to prevent the disease progression. LS probably has some associations with USCC. Distal USCC has a relatively better prognosis than proximal USCC.

A study on clinical spectrum of lichen sclerosus in a tertiary care Centre in North India

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Urethral cancer: a comprehensive review endorsed by the Global Society of Rare Genitourinary Tumours

“…After reviewing the titles, abstracts and full texts, we selected 92 studies for qualitative synthesis (Fig. 1) [1,2,4–6,8–95].…”

The Diagnosis and Treatment of Lichen Sclerosus and Bulbous Urethral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report

“…However, there is no randomized evidence to inform clinical practice. In the retrospective study by Guo et al (2018), all five patients with high-stage USCC tumors in the bulbomembranous urethra died of distant metastases between 10 and 14 months after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, with the median being 12 months. The patient in this report had radiation treatment alone, has survived more than 13 months, and is still under follow-up.…”