Lichen diversity in geothermal area of Kamojang, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia and its potential for medicines and dyes

Abstract

Kusmoro J, Noer IS, Jatnika MF, Permatasari RE, Partasasmita R. 2018. Lichen diversity in geothermal area of Kamojang, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia and its potential for medicines and dyes. Biodiversitas 19: 2335-2343. The study of lichens diversity in Kamojang, West Java was conducted by survey in geothermal field area following the line transect 6 km along to the East, North West and south from the Power House of Geothermal Power Plant. The lichen samples were taken from bark, soil, and stone. Lichen identification was done by morphological, anatomy and chemical analysis. Dyes potency of Parmotrema and Usnea test using ammoniac fermentation was done in Plant Taxonomy Laboratory of Department Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Padjadjaran. The survey has successfully collected 133 species of lichens, belong to 62 genera and 17 families. Parmeliaceae was found as dominant groups, consisting of 33 species and other co-dominant groups are Graphidaceae and Lobariaceae with 24 species and 8 species, respectively. Most lichens in Kamojang geothermal area belong to Ascomycetes, only one Basidiomycetes such as Dictyonema sericeum (Sw.) which found at Kawah Manuk (Manuk crater) area. The rare species of lichens such as Usnea longissima Ach, was found at Pine forest in Arboretum 6 km south of Powerhouse of Kamojang geothermal. Chemical analysis and literature study for Lichenic acid contains was done and generally, atranorin, usnic acid, barbatic and lecanoric acid was found in lichens samples. Amoniac fermentation result showed that Parmotrema tinctorum produced brownish red, red and purple, which occurred within 1 week to 5 weeks after fermentation. While Usnea produced variety of brown color, which occurred within 5 days up to 4 weeks after fermentation. Lichen species containing some medical properties are Bulbothrix, Cladonia and Usnea. While lichens having dyes properties are Hypogymnia, Lobaria, Peltigera, Usnea, and Parmotrema.

Rapid assessment of lichen diversity in Baliem Valley, Jayawijaya, Papua, Indonesia

“…found 103 species of macrolichens from 9 families and 27 genera in Siruvani Hills, Tamil Nadu, India. Another study fromTemina and Nevo (2009) found 350 species from 52 families and 117 genera in Israel Kusmoro et al (2018). found 133 species from 62 genera and 17 families of lichens in Kamojang Geothermal areas.…”

Types of lichen at Tenggulun Restoration Station, Leuser Ecosystem Area (LEA), Aceh Tamiang, Aceh Province, Indonesia

“…The Graphis genus is a lichen group with a thallus crustose and has a very wide distribution. In its growth, this type of lichen does not require much water and has a body tightly attached to the substrate [10].…”

“…The most common type of lichen with thallus crustose was found in 20 species, 4 species with thallus foliose, and 1 species with thallus filamentous (Figure 1) (Table 1). Factors that cause lichen with thallus crustose types are often found in various places because their growth is relatively easier than other lichens [10]. Lichen is strongly influenced by tree bark nature and condition.…”

Identification of Invasive Aliens Plant Species in Cultivated Area of Kamojang Crater at Ibun District, Bandung Regency, West Java

“…Kawah Kamojang merupakan suatu kawasan panas bumi yang dikenal sebagai hutan hujan tropis pegunungan yang kaya dengan keanekaragaman hayati, baik tumbuhan, satwa liar seperti burung (Husodo et al, 2020), lichen (Kusmoro et al, 2018), jamur (Arko et al, 2017), dan mikroorganisme lainnya (Aditiawati et al, 2009). Kawasan hutan ini berada di Gunung Guntur yang secara administratif berada di perbatasan Kabupaten Bandung dan Kabupaten Garut.…”