“…In both countries, instructional work is not a funding priority for library administrations, articulating formal instructional objectives is not generally done, and evaluation of instruction is largely informal and formative (Julien, 1998(Julien, , 2000(Julien, , 2006Julien & Boon, 2002;Julien & Leckie, 1997;LaGuardia, 1996;Shonrock, 1996). Where summative evaluations have been done, results suggest that undergraduates' grades and program completion rates improve as a result of IL instruction (Greer, Weston, & Alm, 1991;Hardesty, Lovrich, & Mannon, 1982;Selegan, Thomas, & Richman, 1983). Research also indicates that instruction increases students' ability to search effectively and to select relevant information sources (Emmons & Martin, 2002).…”