Liberalism, contractarianism, and the problem of exclusion

Cook, Philip S.

doi:10.1017/cbo9781139942478.007

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…Cook usefully distinguishes between two strategies employed by political philosophers, namely ‘permissive inclusion’ and ‘differential inclusion’ (Cook, 2015, p. 102), 4 to explain why people with significant cognitive disabilities are owed justice – and what justice they are owed – so that they can be included as equal citizens within theories of justice. Because there are two versions of permissive inclusion, we see three strategies: defend a permissive understanding of who is owed justice by rejecting contribution as a necessary condition, so that the same justice is owed to all members of society – cooperators and non-cooperators alike; defend a permissive understanding of what counts as contribution to social cooperation, so that more members of society are owed justice in virtue of being cooperators; and distinguish different demands of justice , holding that some are owed only to cooperators while others are owed to all members of society, regardless of contribution. Our primary goal in this paper is to defend a position in the debate between the first and second strategy – in other words, to defend a position about permissive inclusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Citizenship, Ability, and Contribution

DeVidi¹,

Klausen²,

Lowry³

2023

Philosophy

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People with significant cognitive disabilities and others who advocate on their behalf routinely state their claims in terms of enabling people to claim their full citizenship. Informed by the results of a study by one of the authors, we draw attention to some of these claims, and discuss what a just society ought to do so that members with significant cognitive disabilities see themselves – and are seen by others – as full, and therefore equal, citizens. Several political philosophers have sought to develop disability-inclusive accounts of justice, using three strategies: (1) defend a permissive understanding of who is owed justice by rejecting contribution to social cooperation as a necessary condition; (2) defend a permissive understanding of what counts as contribution; and (3) argue that some demands of justice are owed to all, while others are owed only to cooperators. We defend a version of the second strategy, arguing that the relevant notion of contribution requires that it be something the agent chooses to do because they know it to be valued by someone else, and we argue that the third strategy also has a role to play.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[…] sharing goals is common between a much wider range of people than merely those competent to share intentions and make explicit agreements. […] those with developmental disabilities will share goals of various kinds with able adults.’ (Cook 2015, p. 106)…”

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confidence: 99%