Liberal Use of Antibiotics and Its Effect in Neonatal Staphylococcal Infection, With Particular Reference to Erythromycin

Forfar, J. O.; Keay, A. J.; Maccabe, A. F.; Gould, J. C.; Bain, A. D.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(66)92591-8

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Again, sensitive organisms appear to be inhibited to the advantage of resistant components of the microflora (Austin, 1985). However, there is encouraging evidence from human medicine that cessation of the use of a given antibiotic is compensated by a rapid decline in resistance levels (Forfar et al, 1966). This phenomenon was observed in the present study and also in previous work on waterborne bacteria in fish farms (Austin, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The effect of antimicrobial compounds on the gastrointestinal microflora of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson

Austin

Al-Zahrani

1988

Journal of Fish Biology

136

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Populations of aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria occurring in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy rainbow trout were estimated using a dilution plate technique. Data revealed a progressive decline in numbers of aerobic bacteria along the digestive tract from oesophagus to lower intestine. However, the highest numbers were recovered from the intestinal contents and faeces. Anaerobes were generally restricted to the upper intestine and intestinal contents. The aerobic component of the bacterial microflora from the digestive tract was equated with Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus circulans, Bac. megaterium, coryneforms, Grampositive irregularly shaped rods, Flavobacterium sp., Kurthia sp., Microhacterium sp., Providencia stuartii, Pseudomonas spp., Ps.fluorescens and Ps. pseudoalcaligenes. Evidence from scanning electron microscopy pointed to a general lack of colonization of the gut wall: instead, microorganisms were abundant in the intestinal contents. Antimicrobial compounds, i.e. oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline and sulphafurazole (which are commonly used to combat infections by Gramnegative bacterial fish pathogens), caused an increase in bacterial numbers throughout the digestive tract, with maximal numbers in the lower intestine. The bacteria, comprising an essentially different range of taxa, were generally resistant to the antibiotics in use. Conversely, erythromycin and penicillin G, which are used to treat some diseases caused by Gram‐positive bacteria, caused a rapid reduction in bacterial numbers within the gastrointestinal tract.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The effect of antimicrobial compounds on the gastrointestinal microflora of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson

Austin

Al-Zahrani

1988

Journal of Fish Biology

136

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“…1960;Payne, Wood, Karakawa & Gluck, 1965). It contrasts strikingly with the prophylactic failure of systemic antibiotics described by Forfar et al (1966).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

A prospective study of staphylococcal infection and its prevention among infants and mothers after childbirth in hospital and at home

Baber

Corner

Duncan

et al. 1967

J. Hyg.

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Staphylococcal colonization and infection were studied prospectively in infants, mothers and households after childbirth at home and in hospital. Infants were treated prophylactically with frequent applications of ‘Ster-zac’ hexachlorophane dusting powder. Some were treated in addition with ‘Naseptin’ nasal disinfectant cream.The incidence of staphylococcal sepsis in infants was much less than before the adoption of hexachlorophane prophylaxis. The sepsis rate was further reduced when ‘Naseptin’ was used in addition to hexachlorophane. Of the two prophylactic agents, hexachlorophane was the more convenient and probably the more effective. ‘Naseptin’ was difficult to employ correctly and unsuitable for routine use.The treatment of infants with disinfectants reduced nasal carriage markedly in infants and to a smaller extent in mothers. Both agents contributed to the reductions which persisted for some weeks after treatment ceased.Breast abscesses were almost entirely confined to mothers of infants who became nasal carriers by the second week of life.Staphylococcal colonization of infant's skin was greater when they wore impervious garments, probably because skin moisture increased.

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“…Previous studies suggest that the incidence of both colonization and infection with antibiotic-resistant staphylococci is increased following antimicrobial therapy [27][28][29]. It is also known that the prevalence of resistant staphylococci within a hospital may increase following extensive use of an antibiotic [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Outbreak of Infections Caused by Strains of Staphylococcus aureus Resistant to Methicillin and Aminoglycosides. I. Clinical Studies

Crossley

Loesch

Landesman

et al. 1979

Journal of Infectious Diseases

317

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In a 22-month period, strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin and multiple aminoglycosides, (designated MARS) were recovered from 108 inpatients with nosocomial infections at a hospital in the midwestern United States. Sixty-six of these patients were staying in a burn unit, and 42 were on other hospital wards. Among the patients with burns, MARS were recovered from the burn wounds of 64%; 32% of the patients with burns had MARS bacteremia. The patients without burns were age-matched with patients with nosocomial infections caused by antibiotic-susceptible strains of S. aureus. Patients from whom MARS were isolated had a longer mean hospital stay (79.6 days vs. 36.9 days; P less than 0.01), developed infection later (26.5 days vs. 13.5 days after admission; P less than 0.01), and had received antibiotic therapy before infection more often (81% vs. 38% of patients; P less than 0.01) than patients in the comparative population. Types of infection and incidences of death and bacteremia were similar in the two groups. Antibiotic-resistant strains of S. aureus may cause serious infections and significant mortality.

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Liberal Use of Antibiotics and Its Effect in Neonatal Staphylococcal Infection, With Particular Reference to Erythromycin

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

The effect of antimicrobial compounds on the gastrointestinal microflora of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson

The effect of antimicrobial compounds on the gastrointestinal microflora of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson

A prospective study of staphylococcal infection and its prevention among infants and mothers after childbirth in hospital and at home

An Outbreak of Infections Caused by Strains of Staphylococcus aureus Resistant to Methicillin and Aminoglycosides. I. Clinical Studies

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