Recently, it was shown that relative yields of X-rays induced by ion impact are not constant but depend on beam energy. In the framework of this problem, pellets of Gd 2 O 3 and a Gd chelate, Gd-DOTA, as well as a 5 nm in diameter Gd 2 O 3 nanoparticles dispersion on a polycarbonate Nuclepore filter, were studied. In this work, it is shown that after subtraction of known matrix effects, relative yield variations still present different patterns for Gd 2 O 3 pellet and Gd 2 O 3 nanoparticles. Proton NMRD T 1 (ω) data for Gd 2 O 3 nanoparticles and Gd-DOTA water solutions published by Bridot et al. and Toth et al., respectively, were reproduced using a model for paramagnetic substances in water solutions and identical electronic relaxation times. The analysis of both techniques results points collective electron behaviour as the explanation for the different observations on X-ray data of Gd 2 O 3 nanoparticles and bulk material.