Li-ion batteries and portable power source prospects for the next 5–10 years

Broussely, M.; Archdale, G.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.03.031

Cited by 174 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, graphite based anodes have some particular problems such as less beneficial performances at low temperatures and formation of the passivating Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) layer as presented in Figure 3. In the last years new anodic materials have been proposed based on Titanate oxides (TiO 2 ) [54,55]. According to Brousseley et al and Colbow et al, lithium titanate oxide is a more ideal insertion material with a specific capacity of 175 mAh/g [54,55].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles—Assessment of Electrical Characteristics

et al. 2012

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Abstract:In this paper, the performances of various lithium-ion chemistries for use in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles have been investigated and compared to several other rechargeable energy storage systems technologies such as lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride and electrical-double layer capacitors. The analysis has shown the beneficial properties of lithium-ion in the terms of energy density, power density and rate capabilities. Particularly, the nickel manganese cobalt oxide cathode stands out with the high energy density up to 160 Wh/kg, compared to 70-110, 90 and 71 Wh/kg for lithium iron phosphate cathode, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum cathode and, lithium titanate oxide anode battery cells, respectively. These values are considerably higher than the lead-acid (23-28 Wh/kg) and nickel-metal hydride (44-53 Wh/kg) battery technologies. The dynamic discharge performance test shows that the energy efficiency of the lithium-ion batteries is significantly higher than the lead-acid and nickel-metal hydride technologies. The efficiency varies between 86% and 98%, with the best values obtained by pouch battery cells, ahead of cylindrical and prismatic battery design concepts. Also the power capacity of lithium-ion technology is superior compared to other technologies. The power density is in the range of 300-2400 W/kg against 200-400 and 90-120 W/kg for lead-acid and nickel-metal hydride, respectively. However, considering the influence of energy efficiency, the power density is in the range of 100-1150 W/kg. Lithium-ion batteries optimized for high energy are at the OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2012, 5 2953 lower end of this range and are challenged to meet the United States Advanced Battery Consortium, SuperLIB and Massachusetts Institute of Technology goals. Their association with electric-double layer capacitors, which have low energy density (4-6 Wh/kg) but outstanding power capabilities, could be very interesting. The study of the rate capability of the lithium-ion batteries has allowed for a new state of charge estimation, encompassing all essential performance parameters. The rate capabilities tests are reflected by Peukert constants, which are significantly lower for lithium-ion batteries than for nickel-metal hydride and lead-acid. Furthermore, rate capabilities during charging have been investigated. Lithium-ion batteries are able to store about 80% of the capacity at current rate 2I t , with high power cells accepting over 90%. At higher charging rates of 5I t or more, the internal resistance impedes charge acceptance by high energy cells. The lithium titanate anode, due to its high surface area (100 m 2 /g compared to 3 m 2 /g for the graphite based anode) performs much better in this respect. The behavior of lithium-ion batteries has been investigated at different conditions. The analysis has leaded us to a new lithium ion battery model. This model will be compared to existing battery models in future research contributions.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last years new anodic materials have been proposed based on Titanate oxides (TiO 2 ) [54,55]. According to Brousseley et al and Colbow et al, lithium titanate oxide is a more ideal insertion material with a specific capacity of 175 mAh/g [54,55]. It is safer and no SEI layer occurs on the anode surface.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles—Assessment of Electrical Characteristics

et al. 2012

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“…The results obtained in this fundamental study will also potentially be used to enhance the performance and sustain chemical reaction in a microscale combustor. In the past 10 years, much research has been performed on microscale combustion aimed at developing a small-scale generator that can replace batteries and rapidly be recharged by simply adding fuel [4,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Since hydrocarbon fuels have an energy density of ∼40 MJ/kg, a device having an overall systemlevel efficiency (chemical-to-electrical energy) in excess of 1% would have a comparable energy density to the stateof-the-art Li-ion batteries (∼0.5 MJ/kg) [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalysis of Methanol-Air Mixture Using Platinum Nanoparticles for Microscale Combustion

Applegate

Pearlman

Bakrania

2012

Journal of Nanomaterials

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High surface area, active catalysts containing dispersed catalytic platinum nanoparticles (d p ∼ 11.6 nm) on a cordierite substrate were fabricated and characterized using TEM, XRD, and SEM. The catalyst activity was evaluated for methanol oxidation. Experimental results were obtained in a miniature-scale continuous flow reactor. Subsequent studies on the effect of catalyst loading and reactor flow parameters are reported. Repeat tests were performed to assess the stability of the catalyst and the extent of deactivation, if any, that occurred due to restructuring and sintering of the particles. SEM characterization studies performed on the postreaction catalysts following repeat tests at reasonably high operating temperatures (∼500• C corresponding to ∼0.3T m for bulk platinum) showed evidence of sintering, yet the associated loss of surface area had minimal effect on the overall catalyst activity, as determined from bulk temperature measurements. The potential application of this work for improving catalytic devices including microscale reactors is also briefly discussed.

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“…These cells are typically characterized by low output power densities compared to forced-convection fuel cells. They are nevertheless attractive for portable-power applications [1,2] where the simplicity of free-convection oxidant delivery can outweigh the cost, complexity, noise and the parasitic power consumption introduced by active system design. However, the inability to regulate the air stream conditions (flow stochiometry, temperature, humidity) makes water-balanced operation of an air breathing fuel cell particularly challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering model of a passive planar air breathing fuel cell cathode

O’Hayre

Fábían

Litster

et al. 2007

Journal of Power Sources

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The behavior of an air breathing fuel cell (ABFC) operated on dry-hydrogen in dead-ended mode is studied using theoretical analysis. A one-dimensional, non-isothermal, combined heat and mass transport model is developed that captures the coupling between water generation, oxygen consumption, self-heating and natural convection at the air breathing cathode. The model is validated against planar ABFC experimental measurements over a range of ambient temperatures. The model confirms the strong effect of self-heating on the water balance within passive ABFCs. Model analysis provides several conclusions: (1) thermal runaway caused by inadequate heat rejection predominantly limits ABFC performance. (2) The natural convection boundary layer represents a significant barrier to cathode mass and heat transfer. (3) Because the mass and heat transport numbers associated with natural convection are small, even slight forced convection dramatically affects cell behavior. (4) Performance optimization requires maximizing heat rejection while minimizing flooding. Decoupling the latter two phenomena is challenging due to the exponential relationship between water vapor saturation and temperature.

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Li-ion batteries and portable power source prospects for the next 5–10 years

Cited by 174 publications

References 2 publications

Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles—Assessment of Electrical Characteristics

Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles—Assessment of Electrical Characteristics

Catalysis of Methanol-Air Mixture Using Platinum Nanoparticles for Microscale Combustion

Engineering model of a passive planar air breathing fuel cell cathode

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