LI. <i>On the function of the two ears in the perception of space</i>

D.Sc., P B A Silvanus Thompson

doi:10.1080/14786448208627205

Cited by 52 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…However, despite being published in three languages, his work did not generate much interest among his contemporaries. Very little research was done in the area of auditory localization until the last quarter of the 19th century, when several authors experimentally confirmed the importance of sound intensity differences between the ears for sound source localization (Steinhauser, 1879;Strutt [Lord Rayleigh], 1876;Thompson, 1877;1881). This difference is caused by the acoustic shadow and baffle effects of the head and results in a lower sound intensity at the ear located farther away from the sound source.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory Spatial Perception: Auditory Localization

Łȩtowski¹,

Letowski²

2012

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Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory Spatial Perception: Auditory Localization

Łȩtowski¹,

Letowski²

2012

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“…Since a transformation of the incoming sound front is necessary to localization, it seemed reasonable to assume that the external ear served as the acoustical device to perform the requisite transformation. Subsequent work demonstrated that it indeed introduces a significant transformation (4) Further experimentation showed that the perception of all locales of a sound position (front, back, up, down, distance) could be provided with a high fidelity electronic system in which the microphones were inserted in casts (15) of human pinnae A search of the literature brought to light one paper(16) which was concerned with monaural localization, with experimental evidence that it was quite good With this encouragement, we conducted experiments with monaural and binaural localization which produced the data presented in Figure 1 (reproduced from reference (15)). Subsequently it was found that monaural localization by persons totally deaf in one ear is commonplace.…”

Section: Experimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the pinna in human localization

Batteau

1967

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B.

239

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The pinna, or external ear, has been shown experimentally to perform an acoustical transformation essential to localization in human hearing. The mathematical form of the transformation is given, the inverse to the transformation is shown to exist, and a theory of localization constructed from the evidence. The theory is extended to reverberation and other facets of human hearing. The basic theorem applied to the study is 'in order to know, the inverse to the transformation of perception must be constructed'.

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“…Sound travels approximately five times faster underwater compared to in air. The presence of an external ear for detecting sound (Batteau, 1967), as well as having widely separated ears allowing for the detection of time-of-arrival differences (Thompson, 1882), are adaptations that help land animals orient to a sound source. The ears of fishes, on the other hand, are very close together and have no external meatus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The directional hearing abilities of two species of bamboo sharks

Casper

Mann

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) were used to measure the directional hearing thresholds of the white-spotted bamboo shark Chiloscyllium plagiosum and the brown-banded bamboo shark Chiloscyllium punctatum at four frequencies and seven directions, using a shaker table designed to mimic the particle motion component of sound. Over most directions and frequencies there were no significant differences in acceleration thresholds, suggesting that the sharks have omni-directional hearing abilities. Goldfish Carassius auratus were used as a baseline to compare a species with specialized hearing adaptations versus sharks with no known adaptations, and were found to have more sensitive directional responses than the sharks. Composite audiograms of the sharks were created from the average of all of the directions at each frequency and were compared with an audiogram obtained for C. plagiosum using a dipole stimulus. The dipole stimulus audiograms were significantly lower at 50 and 200 Hz compared to the shaker audiograms in terms of particle acceleration. This difference is hypothesized to be a result of the dipole stimulating the macula neglecta, which would not be stimulated by the shaker table.

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LI. On the function of the two ears in the perception of space

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Auditory Spatial Perception: Auditory Localization

Auditory Spatial Perception: Auditory Localization

The role of the pinna in human localization

The directional hearing abilities of two species of bamboo sharks

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