LGBTQ+ Stigma and Health Effects: A Systematic Review of the Global Literature

Abstract

This systematic review examines the global literature on LGBTQ+ stigma and health. Indeed, the LGBTQ+ community has experienced a poignant history of stigma, resulting in adverse health consequences. The current review synthesizes 46 articles conducted in multiple cultural settings. The focuses of the selected articles varied from mental health, physical health, suicide, drug and alcohol use, HIV stigma, and healthcare among LGBTQ+ communities. The selected studies similarly found that stigma and discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals have fueled adverse mental health and health behaviors. These risky behaviors included eating disorders, self-harm, suicide, substance use, unprotected sex, avoidance of healthcare appointments, perceived stigma, as well as healthcare provider (HCP) stigma. Racism in the LGBTQ+ community, racial/ethnic identities of LGBTQ+ individuals, and cultural rejection of homosexuality were also discussed. Future research should pay more attention to intersectional stigma and the social networks of LGBTQ+ communities.