Leydig Cell Tumors of the Testis

Maizlin, Zeev V.; Belenky, Alexander; Kunichezky, Myriam; Sandbank, Judith; Strauß, Simon

doi:10.7863/jum.2004.23.7.959

Cited by 68 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Orchidectomy is indicated in cases of benign Leydig cell tumors (single, unilateral, well circumscribed tumor without hyper vascularization, necrosis, lithiasis or calcification on ultrasound) [ 75 – 77 ]. Owing to the favourable course of such usually small-sized tumors, some published studies advocated conservative or testis-sparing surgery [ 78 – 82 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leydig cell tumor in a patient with 49,XXXXY karyotype: a review of literature

Maqdasy

Bogenmann

Batisse-Lignier

et al. 2015

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

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49,XXXXY pentasomy or Fraccaro’s syndrome is the most severe variant of Klinefelter’s syndrome (KS) affecting about 1/85000 male births. The classical presentation is the triad: mental retardation, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and radio ulnar synostosis. Indeed, the reproductive function of Fraccaro’s syndrome is distinguished from KS. Besides, Leydig cell tumors are described in cases of KS, but never documented in the Klinefelter variants.We describe a young adult of 22 years old who presented with hyper gonadotropic hypogonadism, delayed puberty and bilateral micro-cryptorchidism. Chromosomal pentasomy was confirmed since infancy. Bilateral orchidectomy revealed a unilateral well-circumscribed Leydig cell tumor associated with bilateral Leydig cell hyperplasia.Inspired from reporting the first case of Leydig cell tumor in a 49,XXXXY patient, we summarize the particularities of testicular function in 49,XXXXY from one side, and the risk and mechanisms of Leydig cell tumorigenesis in Klinefelter variants on the other side. The histological destructions in 49,XXXXY testes and hypogonadism are more profound than in Klinefelter patients, with early Sertoli, Leydig and germ cell destruction. Furthermore, the risk of Leydigioma development in KS and its variants remains a dilemma. We believe that the risk of Leydigioma is much higher in KS than the general population. By contrast, the risk could be lower in the Klinefelter variants with more than 3 supplementary X chromosomes, owing to an earlier and more profound destruction of Leydig cells rendering them irresponsive to chronic Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leydig cell tumor in a patient with 49,XXXXY karyotype: a review of literature

Maqdasy

Bogenmann

Batisse-Lignier

et al. 2015

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

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“…Although they are mostly benign, up to 10% are malignant ( 7 ). Sonographically, Leydig-cell tumors are usually less than 2 cm in size and homogeneously hypoechoic to the normal background testis, with peripheral hypervascularity that is either punctuate or circumferential ( 8 ). The mass itself is rarely hypervascular on sonography; as a result, distinguishing a small Leydig-cell tumor from a complicated cyst or other benign entity can be challenging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value of dynamic, contrast-enhanced MRI & intraoperative ultrasound for management of a nonpalpable, incidental, testicular Leydig-cell tumor

Obembe¹,

Patel²

2010

Radiology Case Reports

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We report a case of a small, intratesticular, incidentally identified, nonpalpable Leydig-cell tumor in which preoperative, dynamic, contrast-enhanced MRI was essential in characterizing the lesion as a neoplasm. Sonographic evaluation failed to demonstrate internal color Doppler flow, resulting in a differential diagnosis that included debris-filled cyst. At surgical resection, intraoperative ultrasound was essential to locate the mass and confirm complete removal. This case highlights the value of dynamic, contrast-enhanced MRI and intraoperative ultrasound for the management of incidental intratesticular lesions with indeterminate sonographic and Doppler characterization. Radiologists and urologists should be familiar with this approach to the incidental, sonographically indeterminate, nonpalpable intratesticular lesion identified on scrotal ultrasound.

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“…In most of the cases, the tumors are very small, measuring less than 1 cm in diameter (Maizlin et al. 2004 ). When the size is greater than 5 cm in diameter, malignancy should be strongly suspected (Kim et al.…”

Section: Leydig Cell Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The legacy of the F344 rat as a cancer bioassay model (a retrospective summary of three common F344 rat neoplasms)

Maronpot

Nyska

Foreman

et al. 2016

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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The Fischer 344 (F344) rat was used by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) for over 5 decades for toxicity and carcinogenicity studies. However, in 2006, the NTP decided to switch to a different rat stock due largely to high background control incidences of Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) and mononuclear cell leukemia (MNCL), also known as large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia. In the current review, we aim (1) to provide a summary of NTP bioassays with treatment-associated effects involving MNCL and LCTs in addition to male F344-specific tunica vaginalis mesothelioma (TVM); (2) to describe important pathobiological differences between these F344 rat tumor responses and similar target tissue-tumor response in humans; and (3) to present the NTP reasons for switching away from the F344 rat. We show that due to the highly variable background incidence of F344 MNCL, more reliance on historical control data than is usual for most tumor responses is warranted to evaluate potential effect of any chemical treatment in this rat strain. The high spontaneous incidence of LCTs in the testes of male F344 rats has made this tumor endpoint of little practical use in identifying potential testicular carcinogenic responses. TVM responses in F344 rats have a biological plausible relationship to LCTs unlike TVM in humans. Given their high spontaneous background incidence and species-specific biology, we contend that MNCL and LCT, along with TVM responses, in F344 rat carcinogenicity studies are inappropriate tumor types for human health risk assessment and lack relevance in predicting human carcinogenicity.

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Leydig Cell Tumors of the Testis

Abstract: Peripheral hypervascularity in a hypoechoic testicular tumor that has little or no internal color Doppler flow should suggest the possibility of a Leydig cell tumor, and consideration should be given to testicle-sparing surgery.

Cited by 68 publications

References 22 publications

Leydig cell tumor in a patient with 49,XXXXY karyotype: a review of literature

Leydig cell tumor in a patient with 49,XXXXY karyotype: a review of literature

Value of dynamic, contrast-enhanced MRI & intraoperative ultrasound for management of a nonpalpable, incidental, testicular Leydig-cell tumor

The legacy of the F344 rat as a cancer bioassay model (a retrospective summary of three common F344 rat neoplasms)

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