Leydig Cell Tumor of the Testis in Klinefelter Syndrome

Poster, Robert B.; Katz, Douglas S.

doi:10.1097/00004728-199305000-00028

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The etiology of these tumors is generally unknown. Although the presence of Leydig cell tumors has been reported in patients with cryptorchidism 2 , 7 – 9 and Klinefelter syndrome, 1 , 10 , 11 there is still no definitive association between them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eleven Patients With Testicular Leydig Cell Tumors

Tsitouridis

Maskalidis

Panagiotidou

et al. 2014

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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We present the sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings of Leydig cell tumors in a series of patients, along with a brief review of the literature. We evaluated the sonographic features of 11 cases of Leydig cell tumors, including echogenicity, size, margins, and patterns of vascularity. The magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of 9 patients were also assessed, with special attention to the appearance of the tumors on T2-weighted imaging and postcontrast T1-weighted imaging. Seven tumors were hypoechoic, and 4 were almost isoechoic. Ten patients showed various patterns of hypervascularity in the tumors, combined in some cases with feeding vessels. One case presented with a single feeding vessel. The tumors showed homogeneous or heterogeneous low signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging and marked enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted imaging. The small size of these tumors, the various patterns of vascularity on color and power Doppler sonography, and the marked enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted imaging are considered valuable but generally nonspecific for identification of these tumors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eleven Patients With Testicular Leydig Cell Tumors

Tsitouridis

Maskalidis

Panagiotidou

et al. 2014

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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“…Utrasound was conducted using a highfrequency linear-array transducer (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) MHz) that allows for high-resolution imaging of the testicles with a maximum lateral spatial resolution of 0.1 mm. Additionally, innovative tools such as TEQ TM ultrasound technology, Native TM tissue harmonic imaging, and compound imaging (Sequoia TM 512US System, Acuson, Siemens, Malvern, PA, USA) were used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to germ cell tumours, there is no correlation with cryptorchidism. In addition, LCT exists in association with Klinefelter syndrome as a rare entity [10,11]. The standard therapy used to be orchidectomy but today organ-sparing strategies are often used [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased incidence of Leydig cell tumours of the testis in the era of improved imaging techniques

Leonhartsberger¹,

Ramoner²,

Stoehr³

et al. 2011

BJU International

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Study Type – Diagnostic (exploratory cohort) Level of Evidence 2b What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Leydig cell tumours (LCTs) of the testis are rare tumours, accounting for 1–3% of all testicular neoplasms. Our data indicate that using scrotal ultrasound with high resolution imaging in routine checkups leads to an earlier detection of LCTs. Most patients underwent an organ‐sparing surgery and no androgen deprivation was observed. OBJECTIVE • To report an observed high frequency of Leydig cell tumours (LCTs) diagnosed at our centre. PATIENTS AND METHODS • Charts of all patients who underwent surgery for a testicular tumour between 1999 and 2008 at our department were searched and data from patients with LCT were collected. • Before surgery all patients underwent ultrasound and complete staging. In all but two patients with LCT an organ‐sparing surgery was performed. Surgery was performed under ultrasound or palpation guidance. • All patients underwent postoperative follow‐up. We retrospectively reviewed surgical technique, histology, epidemiology and outcome in all LCT patients. RESULTS • In the study period, 197 testicular tumours were surgically removed of which 29 were diagnosed as LCT (14.7% of 197; further study group) in 25 patients. Mean age of patients with LCT was 45 years (range 21–68 years). • Tumour size ranged from 1.2 to 80 mm (mean 10.23 mm). In two patients (8%) the lesion was palpable whereas incidental diagnosis was made in seven patients (28%). • In the remaining patients diagnosis was made by ultrasound performed for testicular pain (six patients, 24%) or during infertility or erectile dysfunction evaluation (10 patients, 40%). • Definitive histology reported no malignant histopathological features in all but one patient; this particular patient experienced tumour progression after 2 months and died from advanced disease 1 year later. All other patients are free of disease after a mean follow up of 56 months (range 7–93 months). • During this period one patient developed a second LCT on the contralateral side; another patient had a recurrence within the same testicle, but on the opposite pole. Both underwent a subsequent organ‐sparing tumour resection. CONCLUSION • The percentage of LCT (14.7% of all testicular tumours removed) was significantly higher than expected from the literature. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is the increasing use of better ultrasound technology and the subsequent increased detection of small nodules that have not been found in historical series. Use of ‘observation‐only’ for very small lesions detected at infertility clinics is under debate.

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“…Seminomas have been commonly associated with cryptorchidism. Until now only a few cases of TGCT have been reported in KS with cryptorchidism, one of which being an intrapelvic seminoma [2][3][4][5][6]. Embryonal cell carcinoma usually shows strong expression of CD30 and OCT3/4, with patchy staining of PLAP1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%