Leydig Cell Function After Cryptorchidism: Evidence Of The Beneficial Result Of Early Surgery

LEE, PETER A.; Coughlin, Michael T.

doi:10.1097/00005392-200204000-00087

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Some histological studies not only suggest maldevelopment of germ cells, but also of Leydig cells (Huff, 1993). Hormonal evidence for Leydig cell dysfunction was found in adult patients after a late orchiopexy (Lee & Coughlin, 2002). In this study, age at orchiopexy had no statistically significant influence on Leydig cell function.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Fertility potential in men with a history of congenital undescended testes: a long‐term follow‐up study

et al. 2012

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Men with a history of congenital undescended testes (UDT) have an increased risk of fertility problems. Despite no definitive proof, current guidelines recommend early surgical intervention because this may have a positive effect on future fertility potential by preventing degenerative changes of the testes in early life. Also surgical intervention facilitates observability of the testes in view of possible malignancy. We evaluated testicular function in adult men with previous UDT treated at different ages before puberty. A longterm follow-up study of men with previous UDT was performed. Andrological evaluation included medical history taking, physical examination, scrotal ultrasound, determination of reproductive hormones, and semen analysis. Findings were compared with those of a control group of men with normal testicular descent. The influence of age at orchiopexy on future fertility parameters was evaluated in a multivariate regression analysis. 62 men were included of whom seven had had bilateral UDT. Twenty-four patients had had their orchiopexy before the age of 24 months of whom eight men had it before 12 months of age. Forty-eight men had had unsuccessful luteinizing-hormone-releasing-hormone (LHRH) nasal spray treatment during childhood, whereas 14 of 24 men operated before 24 months of age had not received LHRH treatment before orchiopexy. Fertility potential in men with a history of UDT is compromised in comparison with controls. We could not detect any influence of age at orchiopexy on fertility parameters. However, the number of patients operated before the age of 12 months is limited. This study does not support the assumption that early orchiopexy results in better fertility potential.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Fertility potential in men with a history of congenital undescended testes: a long‐term follow‐up study

et al. 2012

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“…These findings were in line with previous studies (95,(102)(103)(104)(105)(106). As boys with congenital cryptorchidism already showed a subtle impairment of primary testicular function at 3 months of age, this was likely to be of fetal origin.…”

Section: Postnatal Reproductive Hormones In Boys With Cryptorchidism supporting

confidence: 92%

“…Congenital cryptorchidism increases the risk for fertility problems and testicular cancer in adulthood (91)(92)(93)(94). While Leydig cell function and loss of germ cells appear to benefit to some degree from early treatment (95,96), the risk of testicular cancer appears to remain unaltered after orchidopexy (91), which indicates a prenatal, irreversible onset of the testicular dysgenesis (4). There was some controversy in the literature as to when in life hormonal changes related to maldescended testes were detectable, i.e.…”

Section: Postnatal Reproductive Hormones In Boys With Cryptorchidism mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonadal development and reproductive hormones in infant boys

Main¹,

Toppari²,

Skakkebæk³

2006

eur j endocrinol

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Background: The intrauterine milieu plays a crucial role for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in adulthood, but little is known about its impact on gonadal development and reproduction. Impaired testis development in fetal life can lead to cryptorchidism, hypospadias, impaired semen quality, and testicular cancer, disorders that may present symptoms of a testicular dysgenesis syndrome. The prevalence of these disorders appears to increase in many areas, probably due to environmental factors acting in utero. Denmark has a significantly higher incidence of testicular cancer and lower sperm quality than Finland. Methods: We conducted a population-based study of newborn boys from Denmark and Finland, in order to examine whether this geographic difference was reflected in the reproductive health of newborns. Results: Danish boys had a lower testis volume at birth, a smaller testis growth up to 18 months of age and lower serum inhibin B and FSH levels at 3 months than Finnish. Danish boys also had a higher prevalence of both cryptorchidism and hypospadias than Finnish boys. In boys with cryptorchidism and hypospadias subtle changes in hormonal levels occurred, towards increased gonadotropins and lower inhibin B in cryptorchidism. Both types of congenital malformations were more frequent in children born small for gestational age, indicative of a relationship between growth and reproductive development. Conclusions: These early postnatal findings suggest that the previously observed population differences in reproductive health between young Danish and Finnish men are of fetal origin. The differences may originate as a result of gene-environment interactions, where endocrine disrupters may also play a role.

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“…In the Pittsburgh cohort, a relationship was suggested between age of orchidopexy and testosterone levels in the unilateral group [26]. Although all of the men evaluated had circulating testosterone levels within the adult male range, there was an inverse relationship between testosterone and age of orchidopexy.…”

Section: Age Of Treatment and Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 97%

The relationship of cryptorchidism to fertility

Trussell¹,

Lee

2004

Curr Urol Rep

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Cryptorchidism is the most common genitourinary disorder of childhood, resulting in 27,000 surgical cases each year in the United States. Of the 3% of full-term infants affected, most will have testes that will descend normally within a few months. The remaining 1%, who have a cryptorchid condition that persists, should consider medical or surgical intervention. In addition, although the effect of cryptorchidism on testicular development and fertility has been studied extensively, the only fact of certainty is that untreated men with bilateral abdominal testes will be infertile. The remaining scenarios (unilateral, inguinal, gliding, and medically or surgically treated conditions) offer unpredictable levels of fertility. Fortunately, based on recent research, the correlation between testis maldescent and infertility may not be as prevalent as previously reported.

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Leydig Cell Function After Cryptorchidism: Evidence Of The Beneficial Result Of Early Surgery

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Fertility potential in men with a history of congenital undescended testes: a long‐term follow‐up study

Fertility potential in men with a history of congenital undescended testes: a long‐term follow‐up study

Gonadal development and reproductive hormones in infant boys

The relationship of cryptorchidism to fertility

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