Lexico-semantic effects on word naming in Persian: Does age of acquisition have an effect?

Bakhtiar, Mehdi; Weekes, Brendan S.

doi:10.3758/s13421-014-0472-4

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The independent effect of orthographic transparency on impaired oral reading when other lexico‐semantic variables (i.e., frequency, imageability and AoA) are controlled is compatible with skilled adult readers (Bakhtiar & Weekes, ) and children with dyslexia in Persian (Baluch & Danaye‐Tousi, ). One speculation is that opaque words are less likely to be read aloud correctly using the non‐semantic route alone (bypassing the impaired semantic route), whereas transparent words depend less on input from the lexical‐semantic route (Bakhtiar & Weekes, ). Positive correlation between oral reading and picture naming performance in Persian speakers with aphasia is consistent with this interpretation and suggests that success in oral reading may be at least partially influenced by severity of impairment in the semantic system (i.e., picture naming), which is more related to reading opaque words.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…We found no evidence of an interaction between age and word AoA (Morrison, Hirsh, Chappell, & Ellis, ) as would be expected on this account. Instead, we submit the effect of AoA in Persian has a semantic or semantic to phonological locus that can be differentiated from an independent effect of frequency on picture naming and oral reading in Persian (Bakhtiar & Weekes, ; Bakhtiar et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Although this arbitrary pairing is not unique historically (e.g., Albanian), Persian together with related languages Urdu (spoken in Pakistan) and Pashto (spoken in Afghanistan) are the only Indo‐European languages that use a modified version of a Semitic script (Arabic) (Mirdehghan, ). Another unique feature of written Persian is the high degree of grapheme to phoneme consistency, where each grapheme corresponds to only one phoneme (Bakhtiar & Weekes, ). Despite the potential consistency between graphemes and phonemes in text, literate Persian speakers typically read words that are written without diacritic markings for some vowels (as in Semitic languages) making most text relatively opaque for adult readers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aphasia in Persian: Implications for cognitive models of lexical processing

Bakhtiar

Jafary

Weekes

2016

Journal of Neuropsychology

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Current models of oral reading assume that different routes (sublexical, lexical, and semantic) mediate oral reading performance and reliance on different routes during oral reading depends on the characteristics of print to sound mappings. Studies of single cases of acquired dyslexia in aphasia have contributed to the development of such models by revealing patterns of double dissociation in object naming and oral reading skill that follow brain damage in Indo-European and Sino-Tibetan languages. Print to sound mapping in Persian varies in transparency because orthography to phonology translation depends uniquely on the presence or absence of vowel letters in print. Here a hypothesis is tested that oral reading in Persian requires a semantic reading pathway that is independent of a direct non-semantic reading pathway, by investigating whether Persian speakers with aphasia show selective impairments to object naming and reading aloud. A sample of 21 Persian speakers with aphasia ranging in age from 18 to 77 (mean = 53, SD = 16.9) was asked to name a same set of 200 objects and to read aloud the printed names of these objects in different sessions. As an additional measure of sublexical reading, patients were asked to read aloud 30 non-word stimuli. Results showed that oral reading is significantly more preserved than object naming in Persian speakers with aphasia. However, more preserved object naming than oral reading was also observed in some cases. There was a moderate positive correlation between picture naming and oral reading success (p < .05). Mixed-effects logistic regression revealed that word frequency, age of acquisition and imageability predict success across both tasks and there is an interaction between these variables and orthographic transparency in oral reading. Furthermore, opaque words were read less accurately than transparent words. The results reveal different patterns of acquired dyslexia in some cases that closely resemble phonological, deep, and surface dyslexia in other scripts - reported here in Persian for the first time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aphasia in Persian: Implications for cognitive models of lexical processing

Bakhtiar

Jafary

Weekes

2016

Journal of Neuropsychology

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“…Hence, analyzing disclosure implies many problems, which the majority of studies have tried to solve using content analysis or disclosure indices to measure this information (one recent study using indices is [49]), or to check if there is any relationship between disclosure and other features, although there are proven disadvantages when using this methodology [50]. Lexical analysis has been used in research having to do with semantics and language in a variety of fields, such as in [51,52], which strictly refer to language skills, as well as in analyzing qualitative narrative information in the field of economics, such as [53], which examined statements by the chairman and CEO in BP plc´s Annual Report 2010 [54], which used lexicometric analysis to study a corpus comprising speeches of European Central Bank presidents; [55], which analyzed the results of open-ended interviews in the field of management; and [56], which used lexical analysis to try to extract the sentiments of a group of people to predict the movement of the stock market. Studies using lexical analysis of nonfinancial reporting are scarce, and none has analyzed disclosure by European financial sector SMEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

European Financial Services SMEs: Language in Their Sustainability Reporting

Martínez

Marín‐Hernández

2020

Sustainability

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In this study we concentrate on the segment of small companies in the financial sector in Europe. Services in this sector are developing rapidly and are not necessarily provided only by traditional banks and financial companies. Many nonfinancial companies provide financial services, and this may open the sector to additional risk. In this context, the aspects of both financial and nonfinancial reporting are important and need to be taken into consideration as a whole to provide a complex picture of a particular institution. The goal of this paper is to analyze sustainability reporting according to the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) by European financial services small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). First, we conducted a descriptive analysis of the features of nonfinancial information and its assurance, studying a sample of all European SMEs reporting according to the GRI from 2016 to 2018. Then, we chose only financial services SMEs to apply lexical analysis to their narrative reporting based on a corpus of 102,056 words. We conclude that nonfinancial information does not have the same importance as traditional financial information, and this sustainability reporting only complies with the minimum requirements. Thus, there is still a long way to go in this field.

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“…The present study proposed to fill this gap by examining the impact of orthographic transparency in spelling-to-sound direction on spoken word recognition within the same language where the same teaching method is applied to all children, and, more specifically, we investigated how this impact evolved with children's education level. The main specificity of this study is the use of Persian with a unique feature of orthographic transparency in which some words that are considered orthographically transparent at the early stage of reading acquisition became orthographically opaque at the later educational stage (Baluch and Shahidi, 1991;Bakhtiar and Weekes, 2015;Rahbari, 2018). Persian is an Indo-European language written with an orthography adapted from that of Arabic, a Semitic language (Baluch, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Orthographic Transparency on Auditory Word Recognition Across the Development of Reading Proficiency

Bakhtiar

Mokhlesin²,

Pattamadilok³

et al. 2021

Front. Psychol.

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A question under debate in psycholinguistics is the nature of the relationship between spoken and written languages. Although it has been extensively shown that orthographic transparency, which varies across writing systems, strongly affects reading performance, its role in speech processing is much less investigated. The present study addressed this issue in Persian, whose writing system provides a possibility to assess the impact of orthographic transparency on spoken word recognition in young children at different stages of reading acquisition. In Persian, the long vowels are systematically present in the script, whereas the spelling correspondence of short vowels is progressively omitted from the script in the course of reading acquisition, thus, turning transparent into opaque spelling. Based on this unique characteristic, we tested 144 monolingual Persian-speaking nonreaders (i.e., preschoolers) and readers (second graders to fifth graders and young adults) in an auditory lexical decision task using transparent and opaque words. Overall, the results showed that, in accordance with the fact that the diacritics of short vowels are progressively omitted during the second year of schooling, the stimuli containing short vowels (opaque words) were recognized more slowly than transparent ones in third graders. Interestingly, there is a hint that the emergence of the transparency effect in the third graders was associated with an overall slower recognition speed in this group compared to their younger peers. These findings indicate that learning opaque spelling-sound correspondence might not only generate interference between the two language codes but also induce a general processing cost in the entire spoken language system.

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Lexico-semantic effects on word naming in Persian: Does age of acquisition have an effect?

Cited by 20 publications

References 56 publications

Aphasia in Persian: Implications for cognitive models of lexical processing

Aphasia in Persian: Implications for cognitive models of lexical processing

European Financial Services SMEs: Language in Their Sustainability Reporting

The Effect of Orthographic Transparency on Auditory Word Recognition Across the Development of Reading Proficiency

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