Lexical access based on underspecified input

Zock, Michael; Schwab, Didier

doi:10.3115/1598848.1598851

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…message to be expressed, is incomplete prior to lexicalization (Zock and Schwab 2008), and the role of the lexicon is not only to express the message, but also to help refining its underspecified conceptual fragments (Zock 1996). Given the known short-term memory constraints this is not unreasonable.…”

Section: Related Work In the Area Of Natural-language Generationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…To illustrate this conceptually-driven lexicalization process let us take an example from (Zock 1996 andBateman andZock 2003). Suppose your goal were to find the most precise and economic way for expressing the following content: 'the man whose profession consists in catching and selling fish moved quickly/towards.…”

Section: Related Work In the Area Of Natural-language Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deliberate word access: an intuition, a roadmap and some preliminary empirical results

Zock

Ferret

Schwab

2010

Int J Speech Technol

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No doubt, words play a major role in language production, hence finding them is of vital importance, be it for writing or for speaking (spontaneous discourse production, simultaneous translation). Words are stored in a dictionary, and the general belief holds, the more entries the better. Yet, to be truly useful the resource should contain not only many entries and a lot of information concerning each one of them, but also adequate navigational means to reveal the stored information. Information access depends crucially on the organization of the data (words) and the access keys (meaning/form), two factors largely overlooked. We will present here some ideas of how an existing electronic dictionary could be enhanced to support a speaker/writer to find the word s/he is looking for. To this end we suggest to add to an existing electronic dictionary an index based on the notion of association, i.e. words co-occurring in a well balanced corpus, the latter being supposed to represent the average citizen's knowledge of the world. Before describing our approach, we will briefly take a critical look at

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Section: Related Work In the Area Of Natural-language Generationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Related Work In the Area Of Natural-language Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deliberate word access: an intuition, a roadmap and some preliminary empirical results

Zock

Ferret

Schwab

2010

Int J Speech Technol

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“…Of course, the word Java might just as well trigger Kawa which not only rhymes with the s w , but also evokes Kawa Igen, a Javanese volcano, or familiar word of coffee in French. For more details, see Zock and Schwab (2008).…”

Section: Conceptual Computational and Psychological Issuesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Message composition based on concepts and goals

Zock

Sabatier

Jakubiec

2008

Int J Speech Technol

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The goal of this paper is to deal with a problem hardly ever addressed in natural language generation, conceptual input. In order to be able to express something, one needs to have something to express to begin with: ideas, concepts and thoughts. The question is how to access thoughts and build their representation in form of messages. What are the building blocks? How to organize and index them in order to allow for quick and intuitive access later on?It is generally believed that ideas precede expressions. Indeed, meanings, imprecise as they may be, tend to precede their expression in language. Yet, message creation is hardly ever a one-step process. Conceptual inputs are generally abstract and underspecified, which implies that they need to get refined later on, possibly even during the expression phase.In this paper we investigate interactive sentence generation, the focus being on conceptual input, a major component of language generation. Our views will be illustrated via three systems: ILLICO, a system for analyzing/generating sentences and guiding their composition; SPB, a multilingual phrase-book with on the fly generated audio output and Drill Tutor (DT), an exercise generator. While ILLICO is a message-understanding system with a message-completion functionality, SPB and DT are message-specification systems. The user works quite early with fairly complete structures (sentences or patterns), making basically only local changes: replacing words in the case of SPB, and choosing them to instantiate pattern variables in the case of DT.M. Zock ( ) · P. Sabatier · L. Jakubiec

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“…sw, but also evokes Kawa Igen, a javanese volcano, or familiar word of coffee in French. For more details, see [ZS08].…”

Section: Conceptual Computational and Psychological Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontology in Coq for a Guided Message Composition

Jakubiec-Jamet

2014

Language Production, Cognition, and the Lexicon

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International audienceNatural language generation is based on messages that represent meanings , and goals that are the usual starting points for communicate. How to help people to provide this conceptual input or, in other words, how to communicate thoughts to the computer? In order to express something, one needs to have something to express as an idea, a thought or a concept. The question is how to represent this. In 2009, Michael Zock, Paul Sabatier and Line Jakubiec-Jamet suggested the building of a resource composed of a linguistically motivated ontology, a dictionary and a graph generator. The ontology guides the user to choose among a set of concepts (or words) to build the message from; the dictionary provides knowledge of how to link the chosen elements to yield a message (compositional rules); the graph generator displays the output in visual form (message graph representing the user's input). While the goal of the ontology is to generate (or analyse) sentences and to guide message composition (what to say), the graph's function is to show at an intermediate level the result of the encoding process. The Illico system already proposes a way to help a user for generating (or analyzing) sentences and guiding their composition. Another system, the Drill Tutor, is an exercise generator whose goal is to help people to become fluent in a foreign language. It helps people (users have to make choices from the interface in order to build their messages) to produce a sentence expressing a message from an idea (or a concept) to its linguistic realization (or a correct sentence given in a foreign language). These two systems led us to consider the representation of the conceptual information into a symbolic language; this representation is encoded in a logic system in order to automatically check conceptual well-formedness of messages. This logic system is the Coq system used here only for its high level language. Coq is based on a typed λ-calculus. It is used for analysing conceptual input interpreted as types and also for specifying general definitions representing messages. These definitions are typed and they will be instanciated for type-checking the conceptual well-formedness of messages. 2 Line Jakubiec-Jame

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Lexical access based on underspecified input

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Deliberate word access: an intuition, a roadmap and some preliminary empirical results

Deliberate word access: an intuition, a roadmap and some preliminary empirical results

Message composition based on concepts and goals

Ontology in Coq for a Guided Message Composition

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