Lex2KG: Automatic Conversion of Legal Documents to Knowledge Graph

The Legal Fiction principle stipulates that the government needs to ensure the public availability of all of their legal documents. Unfortunately, the text-based search services they provide cannot return satisfactory answers in retrieval scenarios requiring proper representation of relationships between various legal documents. A key problem here is the lack of explicit representation of such relationships behind the employed retrieval engines. We aim to address this problem by proposing LexID knowledge graph (KG) that provides an explicit knowledge representation for Indonesian legal domain usable for such retrieval purposes. The KG contains both legal metadata information and semantic content of the legal clauses of the legal document's articles, modeled using formal vocabulary from the LexID ontology also presented in this paper. The KG is constructed from thousands of Indonesian legal documents. Since the procedure of writing a legal document regulated by the government is clear and detailed, we use a rule-based approach to construct our KG. At the end, we describe several use cases of the KG to address different retrieval needs. In Addition, we evaluated the quality of our KG by measuring its ability to answer questions and got that LexID can answer questions with the macro average F1 score is about 0.91.

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“…The Indonesian legal ontology has initiated by Lex2kg [14]. The ontology is a legal metadata ontology and adopts the existing ontology, ELI.…”

Section: Existing Legal Ontologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Our work is not the only recent effort for constructing Indonesian legal ontology. Another work with a similar objective as ours is Lex2KG [14] 9 . However, their work focuses only on metadata representation and legal document structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LexID: The Metadata and Semantic Knowledge Graph Construction of Indonesian Legal Document

Muninggar

Krisnadhi

2023

Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Informasi

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“…In the legal domain, the application of knowledge graphs is evident in initiatives such as EUR-Lex 5 and project Lynx [5]. 6 The latter aims to standardize legal documents in Europe by incorporating the European Legislation Identifier (ELI). On the other hand, the Lynx project focuses on addressing challenges in legal structured data, such as content enrichment and semantic annotations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schema.org standardizes legal terms, extending its base vocabulary to include the "Legislation" type. 7 Previous efforts, such as Lex2KG, have concentrated on converting Indonesian law documents into a legal KG [6]. However, Lex2KG primarily focuses on the conversion process and lacks consideration for practical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We introduce the first legal virtual assistant incorporating both knowledge graphs and information retrieval for laws in Indonesia related to labor affairs. The system offers a non-trivial solution over Lex2KG [6], enabling better access to KG-based law representations. A trivial solution, in this case, is an IR-only or a KG-only system, each of which has its own drawbacks.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Hybrid Virtual Assistant for Legal Domain Based on Information Retrieval and Knowledge Graphs

Faisal,

Darari,

Ghifari

et al. 2023

Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Informasi

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Virtual assistants have gained popularity across various domains, including the legal field, where they serve to offer guidance and aid in the form of law retrieval. In this research, our aim is to develop a legal virtual assistant that combines knowledge graphs (KGs) and information retrieval (IR) techniques. This hybrid approach allows us to provide accurate answers extracted from structured interconnected data while simultaneously cater to a diverse range of legal inquiries. We categorize these inquiries into a few distinct use cases: definition lookup, law component lookup, sanctions, and domain knowledge. Our system encompasses a chatbot platform, knowledge graph querying, and information retrieval. Specifically, we construct a VA system over a legal knowledge graph pertaining to the Indonesian Act concerning Manpower or Labor (UU Ketenagakerjaan) and the Indonesian Act concerning the Creation of Jobs (UU Cipta Kerja). This marks the creation of the first legal virtual assistant in the Indonesian context that combines KG and IR methodologies. To evaluate the effectiveness of our prototype system, we conduct tests using a variety of labor law-related questions, ranging in difficulty. The integration of knowledge graphs and information retrieval proves to significantly improve the support provided for a wide range of potential applications in the legal field.

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Towards an ontology for process compliance with the (machinery) legislations

Gallina,

Steierhoffer,

Young Olesen

et al. 2024

J Software Evolu Process

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Legislations impose requirements on the manufacturing of machinery. Typically, these requirements are interpreted and refined by (domain‐specific) technical committees and published in terms of standards. At the company level, these refined requirements are further interpreted, refined, and documented in terms of internal processes. Due to the proliferation of (interdependent) legislations and standards and the consequent increase of the cognitive complexity, at the company level, manual knowledge management is becoming more and more challenging and requires automated decision support. Despite the availability of approaches aimed at automating the decision support, no one offers a satisfactory solution. In this paper, we focus on knowledge management for process compliance and we propose a novel structured ontology. Our ontology aims at mastering (by dividing and conquering via tracing) the cognitive complexity of the compliance problem, when heterogeneous and sometimes geographically distributed knowledge‐driven organizational structures (legal department, standardization department, etc.) are involved and need to communicate. We also illustrate the potential usefulness of our proposed ontology in the context of pumps manufacturing and safety process compliance with the Machinery Directive and related harmonized standards including EN 809:1998+A1. Specifically, first, we identify the competencies that characterize departments and interdepartment interactions, then we formulate an initial set of competency questions that translate those identified competencies, then we show how the ontology can be exploited to retrieve the answers to the questions and how the answers can be exploited to build a justification for compliance. Precisely, we propose an argumentation pattern given in two different argumentation notations, and we show how it can be partly instantiated by exploiting the returned answers. The illustration also partly covers the compliance with the Machinery Regulation, expected to replace the Machinery Directive by January 2027. Finally, we sketch our intended future work.

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Lex2KG: Automatic Conversion of Legal Documents to Knowledge Graph

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

LexID: The Metadata and Semantic Knowledge Graph Construction of Indonesian Legal Document

LexID: The Metadata and Semantic Knowledge Graph Construction of Indonesian Legal Document

A Hybrid Virtual Assistant for Legal Domain Based on Information Retrieval and Knowledge Graphs

Towards an ontology for process compliance with the (machinery) legislations

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