Lewis Pair Catalysts in the Polymerization of Lactide and Related Cyclic Esters

Abstract

Polyesters, especially poly(lactide) (PLA), are used widely as biodegradable and biocompatible materials, yet their controllable synthesis, especially the stereoselective synthesis of polyesters, is still a challenge. Recently some excellent Lewis pair catalysts for ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide and related cyclic esters have emerged. This review article will highlight the key advances in the ROP catalyzed by Lewis pair compounds with the aim of encouraging the wider application of Lewis pair catalysts in the polymerization of lactide and related cyclic esters.

Functional Polymeric Materials Based on Main‐Group Elements

“…[80] Applications in polymer chemistry as highly active catalysts for the polymerization of polar alkenes and cyclic monomers are well established, [81] but their use in materials science is just emerging.A sw es hall see,b oth linear soluble polymers and crosslinked polymer networks have been targeted for incorporating LA and LB sites.Inthis Section we highlight recent advances that suggest great promise in catalysis,sensing,and as stimuli-responsive materials.Main chain conjugated materials that incorporate LA and LB sites are not included herein but discussed in Section 4, in the context of conjugated polymers. [80] Applications in polymer chemistry as highly active catalysts for the polymerization of polar alkenes and cyclic monomers are well established, [81] but their use in materials science is just emerging.A sw es hall see,b oth linear soluble polymers and crosslinked polymer networks have been targeted for incorporating LA and LB sites.Inthis Section we highlight recent advances that suggest great promise in catalysis,sensing,and as stimuli-responsive materials.Main chain conjugated materials that incorporate LA and LB sites are not included herein but discussed in Section 4, in the context of conjugated polymers.…”

“…Polymers that contain elements from Groups 13 to 16 with formally localized npo rbitals are attractive since the vast reactivity of dative lone pairs (associated with Lewis bases; LB) can be exploited in coordination chemistry,w hereas empty p-orbitals (associated with Lewis acids;L A) have principal roles in modern organocatalysis and chemical sensing.O fp articular interest are "frustrated" Lewis pairs (FLPs), at erm that describes the unquenched reactivity of sterically encumbered LA and LB pairs. [80] Applications in polymer chemistry as highly active catalysts for the polymerization of polar alkenes and cyclic monomers are well established, [81] but their use in materials science is just emerging.A sw es hall see,b oth linear soluble polymers and crosslinked polymer networks have been targeted for incorporating LA and LB sites.Inthis Section we highlight recent advances that suggest great promise in catalysis,sensing,and as stimuli-responsive materials.Main chain conjugated materials that incorporate LA and LB sites are not included herein but discussed in Section 4, in the context of conjugated polymers.…”

Lewis pairs polymerization of polar vinyl monomers

“…Since then, LPP has shown its high polymerization activity towards different types of monomers, such as polar vinyl monomers, lactones, lactide, and other cyclic monomers, exhibiting very promising prospects in the field of polymer synthesis [8][9][10]. Recently, Chen and co-workers [11,12] overviewed the polymerization of polar monomers catalyzed by main-group Lewis pairs, Wu and co-workers [13] published a mini review on the polymerization of lactide and cyclic esters by LPs, and we also reviewed the polymerization of acrylic monomers by LPs [14,15]. This review will focus on the recent advances that have been made in the LPP of polar vinyl monomers.…”

Funktionelle polymere Materialien auf der Basis von Hauptgruppen‐Elementen

“…[80] Anwendungen sind in der Polymerchemie als hochaktive Katalysatoren fürdie Polymerisation von polaren Alkenen und cyclischen Monomeren gut etabliert, [81] aber ihre Nutzung in der Materialwissenschaft befindet sich noch in einem frühen Stadium. Vonb esonderem Interesse sind die "frustrierten" Lewis-Paare (FLPs), ein Begriff,der die ungenutzte Reaktivitäts terisch gehinderter LA-und LB-Paare beschreibt.…”

“…Vonb esonderem Interesse sind die "frustrierten" Lewis-Paare (FLPs), ein Begriff,der die ungenutzte Reaktivitäts terisch gehinderter LA-und LB-Paare beschreibt. [80] Anwendungen sind in der Polymerchemie als hochaktive Katalysatoren fürdie Polymerisation von polaren Alkenen und cyclischen Monomeren gut etabliert, [81]…”