Lewis acidic ionic liquids for the synthesis of electrophilic alkenes via the Knoevenagel condensation

Harjani, Jitendra R.; Nara, Susheel J.; Salunkhe, Manikrao M.

doi:10.1016/s0040-4039(01)02341-3

Cited by 216 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…All the products are known compounds (except 5b, 5c, 5e, and 5f), which were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, Mass spectra data, and their melting points were compared with literature reports. [30][31][32][33] General Procedure for the Preparation of Arylidenemalononitriles 5a-i A mixture of tetracyanoethylene (0.128 g, 1.0 mmol), aldehydes 2a-i (1 mmol) and Meldrum's acid (0.014 g, 10 mmol%) was successively added to a screw-capped vial containing a magnetic stirring bar in water (20 ml).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meldrum's Acid Catalyzed Reaction of Tetracyanoethylene and Aldehydes in Water: A Novel Approach to Arylidenemalononitrile

Shaabani

Rezayan

Heidary

et al. 2008

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lewis acids, 8) surfactants, 9) zeolites, 10) and heterogeneous catalysts 11,12) have also been employed to catalyze reaction. Similarly, the use of ionic liquids 13,14) paves a new path for such organic synthesis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Meldrum's Acid Catalyzed Reaction of Tetracyanoethylene and Aldehydes in Water: A Novel Approach to Arylidenemalononitrile

Shaabani

Rezayan

Heidary

et al. 2008

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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“…1, to obtain desired melting points, viscosity, density, hydrophobicity, miscibility, etc. The estimated number of IL mixtures currently available is 10 18 [2].…”

Section: Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Path Ahead for Ionic Liquids

2007

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Ionic liquids are designer molecules which can efficiently replace the conventional organic solvents used in chemical processes and operations. Although a number of such applications have been reported in the literature for almost a decade, very few have actually been commercialized. This paper details the different applications claimed and examines the issues and barriers which obstruct the rapid commercialization of ionic liquids. It identifies further courses of action required for the assessment and realization of the advantages of ionic liquids. PreambleFor the past ten years, ionic liquids (ILs) have been looked upon as a revolutionary replacement for conventional organic solvents, as a medium which can be designed and used to carry out a number of chemical reactions and operations at comparatively lower temperature and pressure conditions, and which do not affect the environment. However, thus far only a few ILs have been manufactured and utilized on a commercial scale. This paper examines the claimed uses of ILs, the issues and barriers for their commercialization and the course of action required to explore their utilization. Ionic LiquidsIonic liquids are defined as room temperature fluids composed entirely of ions that are typically large organic cations and small inorganic or organic anions [1]. The thermodynamics and reaction kinetics of processes carried out in ionic liquids are different from those in conventional media. This creates new opportunities for catalytic reactions, separations, electrochemistry and combined reaction/separation processes. ILs have negligible vapor pressures near room temperature and the emission of volatile organic compounds, which is substantial for conventional organic solvents, is negligible for ILs. This leads to cleaner chemical processes and operations.Ionic liquid salts can be mixed with other salts including inorganic salts to form multicomponent ILs. Suitable cations and anions can be chosen to obtain ILs with the desired properties for specific application and there can be innumerable mixtures. It is possible to design an IL for a particular application by combining a cation with an organic or inorganic anion, as shown in Fig. 1, to obtain desired melting points, viscosity, density, hydrophobicity, miscibility, etc. The estimated number of IL mixtures currently available is 1018 [2]. PropertiesBy choosing the anion or alkyl chain of the cation, one can vary the hydrophobicity, viscosity, density, and solvation of the ionic liquid system. The contamination of ILs by impurities such as water, halides, and metal ions often affects the physical properties. The physical and thermodynamic properties of some ILs are given in Tab. 1 [3] 1) . DensityIonic liquids generally have a higher density than water. Traces of water in the ionic liquids appear to act as a diluent, and therefore, lower the density. However, such traces have a relatively small effect. ViscosityViscosity is an important physical property. ILs are generally viscous, compared to molecular solvents. How...

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“…However, the ability of an ionic liquid as a clean catalyst and reagent has not been explored to any great extent although it is of much importance in the context of the green synthesis [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic GO-Imidazolium ionic liquid as a recoverable nanocatalyst for the synthesis of pyrrole derivatives

Zand

Ghafuri

2017

Proceedings of the 21st International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry

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Ionic liquid with basic properties is a significant category in the wide-ranging ionic liquid field.Ionic liquids are mostly made of ions and ion pairs. They are known as powerful solvents which have potential applications. Since the 1999 review by Welton which is about room temperature ionic liquids, ionic liquids have grown as a motivating research area in the last 15 years. Some ionic liquids are liquid at room temperature include some nitrogen-based compounds. Among them, imidazolium-based ionic liquids are the most important ones. In imidazole-based ionic liquids, their physical properties like melting point and acidity-basicity could be adjusted by changing the alkyl substituents and ion pairs. Most of room temperature ionic liquids involve bulky organic cations such as 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-alkylpyridinium and ammonium ion. To have heterogeneous nanocatalysts using ionic liquids, it was studied that carbonaceous substrates with high surface area like graphene oxide could be the best choice.To this purpose and to have heterogeneous basic nanocatalyst with high surface area and significant catalytic activity, basic GO-Imidazolium ionic liquid was synthesized in this research.Here, N-methyl imidazole was used as cation, HCO3-as anion and GO as solid support to form basic ionic liquid nanocatalyst and its catalytic ability was used in synthesis of pyrroles as a significant N-heterocycle compound with important biological and pharmacological activity.

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Lewis acidic ionic liquids for the synthesis of electrophilic alkenes via the Knoevenagel condensation

Cited by 216 publications

References 7 publications

Meldrum's Acid Catalyzed Reaction of Tetracyanoethylene and Aldehydes in Water: A Novel Approach to Arylidenemalononitrile

Meldrum's Acid Catalyzed Reaction of Tetracyanoethylene and Aldehydes in Water: A Novel Approach to Arylidenemalononitrile

The Path Ahead for Ionic Liquids

Basic GO-Imidazolium ionic liquid as a recoverable nanocatalyst for the synthesis of pyrrole derivatives

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