Levosimendana em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca descompensada

Diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem para pacientes portadores de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva utilizando a CIPE®

“…The evaluation is performed through a primary clinical examination that can support evaluations in which major changes can be found, such as arrhythmia (the formation and/or conduction of the cardiac impulse); the location of these alterations in certain anatomical regions of the heart determine the clinical presentation of arrhythmia (17) . Tachycardia can also generate anxiety or an uncomfortable feeling of distress or fear, followed by an autonomic response (18) . Cardiac pain (resulting from myocardial ischemia without infarction) is believed to stimulate the release of acidic substances, such as lactic acid, or other products, such as histamine, kinins or cellular proteolytic enzymes.…”