Levofloxacin

Hurst, Miriam; Lamb, Harriet M.; Scott, Lesley J.; Figgitt, David P.

doi:10.2165/00003495-200262140-00013

Cited by 83 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…The drug undergoes limited metabolism in rats and human [5] and is primarily excreted by kidney mainly as active drug. Inactive metabolites (N-oxide and demethyl metabolites) represent <5% of the total dose [6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Levofloxacin in Healthy and Renal Damaged Muscovy Ducks following Intravenous and Oral Administration

Aboubakr

Soliman

2014

Veterinary Medicine International

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The pharmacokinetics aspects of levofloxacin were studied in healthy and experimentally renal damaged Muscovy ducks after single intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) dose of 10 mg kg−1 bwt. Following IV administration, elimination half-life (t 1/2(β)) and mean residence time (MRT) were longer in renal damaged ducks than in healthy ones. Total clearance (Cltot) in renal damaged ducks (0.20 L kg−1 h−1) was significantly lower as compared to that in healthy ones (0.41 L kg−1 h−1). Following PO administration, the peak serum concentration (C max) was higher in renal damaged than in healthy ducks and was achieved at maximum time (t max) of 2.47 and 2.05 h, respectively. The drug was eliminated (t 1/2(el)) at a significant slower rate (3.94 h) in renal damaged than in healthy ducks (2.89 h). The pharmacokinetic profile of levofloxacin is altered in renal damaged ducks due to the increased serum levofloxacin concentrations compared with that in clinically healthy ducks. Oral administration of levofloxacin at 10 mg kg−1 bwt may be highly efficacious against susceptible bacteria in ducks. Also, the dose of levofloxacin should be reduced in renal damaged ducks. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic integration revealed significantly higher values for C max/MIC and AUC/MIC ratios in renal damaged ducks than in healthy ones, indicating the excellent pharmacokinetic characteristics of levofloxacin in renal damaged ducks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Levofloxacin in Healthy and Renal Damaged Muscovy Ducks following Intravenous and Oral Administration

Aboubakr

Soliman

2014

Veterinary Medicine International

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“…Although fluoroquinolones are generally well tolerated [3,4], they cause severe adverse effects such as convulsion-inducing activity in rare cases [5]. The antibiotic activity, efficacy, and tolerability of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin have been evaluated previously [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous measurement of pazufloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

Watabe

Yokoyama

Nakazawa

et al. 2010

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…Topoisomerase IV is the main target for levofloxacin in Gram-positive bacteria and DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) is the target in Gram-negative bacteria 42. Levofloxacin has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity that includes several Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobes and cell-wall-deficient (atypical) bacteria.…”

Section: Pharmacodynamic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumulative clinical experience from over a decade of use of levofloxacin in community-acquired pneumonia: critical appraisal and role in therapy

Noreddin

Elkhatib²,

Cunnion³

et al. 2011

DHPS

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Levofloxacin is the synthetic L-isomer of the racemic fluoroquinolone, ofloxacin. It interferes with critical processes in the bacterial cell such as DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerases. Levofloxacin has broad spectrum activity against several causative bacterial pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Oral levofloxacin is rapidly absorbed and is bioequivalent to the intravenous formulation such that patients can be conveniently transitioned between these formulations when moving from the inpatient to the outpatient setting. Furthermore, levofloxacin demonstrates excellent safety, and has good tissue penetration maintaining adequate concentrations at the site of infection. The efficacy and tolerability of levofloxacin 500 mg once daily for 10 days in patients with CAP are well established. Furthermore, a high-dose (750 mg) and short-course (5 days) of once-daily levofloxacin has been approved for use in the US in the treatment of CAP, acute bacterial sinusitis, acute pyelonephritis, and complicated urinary tract infections. The high-dose, short-course levofloxacin regimen maximizes its concentration-dependent antibacterial activity, decreases the potential for drug resistance, and has better patient compliance.

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Levofloxacin

Cited by 83 publications

References 105 publications

Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Levofloxacin in Healthy and Renal Damaged Muscovy Ducks following Intravenous and Oral Administration

Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Levofloxacin in Healthy and Renal Damaged Muscovy Ducks following Intravenous and Oral Administration

Simultaneous measurement of pazufloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

Cumulative clinical experience from over a decade of use of levofloxacin in community-acquired pneumonia: critical appraisal and role in therapy

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