Levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: clinical features, pathogenesis, prevention and treatment

Thanvi, Bhomraj; Lo, Nelson; Robinson, Thompson G.

doi:10.1136/pgmj.2006.054759

Cited by 227 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…All other ADRs like dyskinesia and other psychotic reactions in parkinson disease were probably preventable due to poor predictability of ADRs and poorly understood mechanisms to explain their cause. [25][26][27] Majority of the reported ADRs were of mild severity and hence, there would be no strong indication to change or withhold the drug. This was similar to mild to moderate severity ADRs reported with trihexyphenidyl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse drug reaction to antiparkinson agents in Idiopathic Parkinson Disease: a prospective observational study in a Movement Disorder outpatient clinic

Thaha

Gangadhar

Iype

et al. 2017

Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol

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Background: Parkinson disease (PD) generally requires therapy for prolonged periods often with multiple drugs; drug-related adverse effects often add to the existing morbidity. Although, such ADRs are common, comprehensive information about their incidence, severity, and ultimate health effects are not available. The objective of the study was to analyze the pattern of occurrence of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) in patients receiving anti-parkinson agents (APA) in a tertiary care hospital. We also aimed to assess the causality, severity and preventability of these ADRs.Methods: This prospective, observational study with 6 month follow up was conducted among consecutive PD patients receiving anti parkinson agents attending the Movement disorder clinic of Neurology department between April 1st 2011 and September 30th 2012. Tools used were ADR Reporting form of National Pharmacovigilance centre, WHO causality scale, Hartwig and Siegel scale to assess severity and Schumock and Thornton scale to assess preventability of ADRs. Descriptive statistics was used and the values were expressed in numbers and percentages.Results: ADRs were experienced in 87 patients (82.1%) out of 106 patients and most of these patients were on combination therapy (66%). No gender difference in distribution of ADRs was observed. The most common reactions were sedation, dizziness, dry mouth and fatigue. The drug usage was in the order of pramipexole (58.4%), levodopa+carbidopa (55.7%), trihexyphenidyl (28.3%), entacapone (5.7%) and amantadine (7.5%). Majority of the ADRs were mild level 1 (71.1%). ADR was maximum with entacapone. Majority of ADRs belonged to the causality possible ADR category. All the ADRs came under the definitely or probably preventable category.Conclusions: ADRs with antiparkinsonian drugs is common but mild and preventable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse drug reaction to antiparkinson agents in Idiopathic Parkinson Disease: a prospective observational study in a Movement Disorder outpatient clinic

Thaha

Gangadhar

Iype

et al. 2017

Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol

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“…Domperidone does not cross the blood brain barrier [17]. According to Daily Drug Use [18], metoclopramide reduces the effects of levodopa and concurrent use should be avoided. Two patients received donepezil and memantine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Investigation of Risk Factors Causing Dyskinesias in Parkinson’s Disease in South Africa

Gaida¹,

Truter²

2014

Trop. J. Pharm Res

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“…The OFF state was determined by withholding the dose of L-dopa prior to testing, which approximated to 12 hours without medication overnight. This was done to reduce the chances of capturing L-dopa induced dyskinesia, which is substantially lessened when plasma levels of L-dopa are low, such as in the morning (Thanvi, La, and Robinson, 2007). In addition, a healthy control, who was recmited from the University of Central Lancashire, was matched for age and gender, with no documented neurological or musculoskeletal problems.…”

Section: Methods Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laserlight visual cueing device for freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: a case study of the biomechanics involved

Egerton

McCandless

Evans

et al. 2015

Physiotherapy Theory and Practice

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Keywords Background: Freezing of gait (FOG) is a serious gait disorder affecting up to two-thirds of people EMG, gait, kinematics, kinetics, Parkinson's with Parkinson's disease (PO). Cueing has been explored as a method of generating motor disease execution using visual transverse lines on the floor. However, the impact of a laser light visual cue remains unclear. Objective: To determine the biomechanical effect of a laser cane on FOG in History a participant with PO compared to a healthy age-and gender-matched control. Methods: The Received 25 March 2014 participant with PO and healthy control were given a task of initiating gait from standing.Revised 24 January 2015 Electromyography (EMG) data were collected from the tibialis anterior (TA) and the medial Accepted 14 February 2015 gastrocnemius (GS) muscles using an 8-channel system. A 10-camera system (Qualisys)Published online 8 September 2015 recorded movement in 6 degrees of freedom and a calibrated anatomical system technique was used to construct a full body model. Center of mass (COM) and center of pressure (COP) were the main outcome measures. Results: The uncued condition showed that separation of COM and COP took longer and was of smaller magnitude than the cued condition. EMG activity revealed prolonged activation of GS, with little to no TA actiVity. The cued condition showed earlier COM and COP separation. There was reduced fluctuation in GS, with abnormal, early bursts of TA activity.Step length improved in the cued condition compared to the uncued condition. Conclusion: Laserlight visual cueing improved step length beyond a non-cued condition for this patient indicating improved posture and muscle control.

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Levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: clinical features, pathogenesis, prevention and treatment

Cited by 227 publications

References 48 publications

Adverse drug reaction to antiparkinson agents in Idiopathic Parkinson Disease: a prospective observational study in a Movement Disorder outpatient clinic

Adverse drug reaction to antiparkinson agents in Idiopathic Parkinson Disease: a prospective observational study in a Movement Disorder outpatient clinic

Preliminary Investigation of Risk Factors Causing Dyskinesias in Parkinson’s Disease in South Africa

Laserlight visual cueing device for freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: a case study of the biomechanics involved

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