Levobunolol Compared With Timolol for the Long-term Control of Elevated Intraocular Pressure

Berson, Frank G.; Cohen, Howard B.; Foerster, Robert J.; Lass, Jonathan H.; Novack, Gary D.; Duzman, Efraim

doi:10.1001/archopht.1985.01050030075025

Cited by 48 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…1983: Duzman et al, 1982. In five, mul ticenter, double-masked studies, 0.5% levo bunolol lowered intraocular pressure (IOP) effectively and relatively safely in over 500 patients when administered twice daily for up to 2 years [Berson et al, 1985;Cinotti et al, 1985;Geycr et al, 1986;Levobunolol Study Group. 1985;Ober et al.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 40%

A Multicenter Evaluation of Levobunolol (Vistagan®) in Germany

Novack

Kelley

Lue³

1988

Ophthalmologica

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We evaluated the efficacy and safety of 0.5% levobunolol HC1 (Vistagan^®) in 2,041 glaucoma patients at 143 sites in the Federal Republic of Germany. This study was a 3-month, open-label, noncomparative trial of levobunolol administered twice daily. Eighty-five percent of the patients completed the study period with well-controlled intraocular pressure (IOP). Treatment was discontinued in the remaining 15%: 7% for adverse reactions, 1% for lack of drug efficacy, and 7% for reasons unrelated to the study treatment. Efficacy, ocular drug tolerance, and systemic safety were judged as good to very good in approximately 80% of the patients. This large, postapproval study confirms previous findings of several well-controlled clinical trials indicating that levobunolol is an effective drug for the treatment of elevated IOP and is safe and comfortable for most patients.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 40%

A Multicenter Evaluation of Levobunolol (Vistagan®) in Germany

Novack

Kelley

Lue³

1988

Ophthalmologica

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“…Prolonged use of levobunolol, a fairly recently marketed /3-blocker, is known to be effective in the therapy of glaucoma [5][6][7]. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the topical application of levobunol in subjects with ocular hypertension causes changes in the corneal endothelium.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 40%

Topically applied levobunolol does not cause changes in the corneal endothelium

Fusco¹,

Prete²,

Gravina³

et al. 1990

Doc Ophthalmol

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The corneal endothelium was examined in ten patients suffering from ocular hypertension before, during and after four months of topical levobunolol treatment. The untreated fellow eye served as a control. The number of endothelial cells, determined with a McIntyre eyepiece and an Eisner's contact lens, was not affected by levobunolol therapy. In addition, the morphology of the cell did not appear to be affected by the drug.

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“…These techniques include maintaining the patient on the minimum effective concentra tion [14. 15], decreasing the volume instilled while slightly increasing the concentration used [16], and performing nasolacrimal oc clusion or eyelid closure immediately follow ing drug instillation [11], Decreases in heart rate and systolic blood pressure for 0.5 and 1 % levobunolol observed in previous studies [3,[17][18][19] were somewhat less than those reported in the present study. Several factors may contribute to this phe nomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

“…Several factors may contribute to this phe nomenon. First, a young patient population with a mean age of 30.6 years was evaluated in this study; in previous studies [3,[17][18][19] the mean patient age ranged from 59 to 64.7 years. In younger subjects there is greater adrenergic control of the heart, and even low concentrations of beta-blocking agents in the plasma, such as those absorbed from topically applied eye drops, may result in effects on the cardiovascular system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Plasma Levobunolol Levels following Topical Administration with Reference to Systemic Side Effects

Novack¹,

Tang-Liu²,

Kelley³

et al. 1987

Ophthalmologica

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We determined the plasma level of levobunolol in normal volunteers after a single topical instillation of 0.5 or 1% levobunolol in both eyes, and after twice-daily instillations for 1 week. Levobunolol levels were detected within 1 h following acute instillation. During the study, mean plasma levels ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 ng/ml for the 0.5% group and 0.3 to 0.6 ng/ml for the 1% group. The highest individual plasma level was 1.2 ng/ml, which occurred in 1 patient receiving 1% levobunolol. After 1 week of twice-daily instillation mean plasma levels were similar to those observed after acute instillation. Minimal cardiovascular changes were observed in the 0.5% group while decreases in heart rate and systolic blood pressure were observed in the 1% treatment group.

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Levobunolol Compared With Timolol for the Long-term Control of Elevated Intraocular Pressure

Cited by 48 publications

References 8 publications

A Multicenter Evaluation of Levobunolol (Vistagan®) in Germany

A Multicenter Evaluation of Levobunolol (Vistagan®) in Germany

Topically applied levobunolol does not cause changes in the corneal endothelium

Plasma Levobunolol Levels following Topical Administration with Reference to Systemic Side Effects

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