Leveraging the elastic deformability of polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic channels for efficient intracellular delivery

Alhmoud, Hashim; Alkhaled, Mohammed; Kaynak, Batuhan E.; Hanay, M. Selim

doi:10.1039/d2lc00692h

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Compared with the control group, a certain degree of mechanical stimulation was able to align the length and angle of the cells ( n = 99 cells in each case), and it has been shown that explicit mechanical strain leads to the reorganization of the various cell types along the direction of the strain. Some scholars have shown that mechanical strain causes various cells to realign along the direction of the strain, and for cardiomyocytes, the alignment behavior is regulated by mechanotransduction resulting in “strain avoidance 44 , 45 ”. Through the above analysis, we can see a significant difference between the strains applied to our chip in the transverse and longitudinal directions, which is likely the reason for the rearrangement of the cardiomyocytes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain sensor on a chip for quantifying the magnitudes of tensile stress on cells

Zhang,

Wang,

Yin

et al. 2024

Microsyst Nanoeng

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During cardiac development, mechanotransduction from the in vivo microenvironment modulates cardiomyocyte growth in terms of the number, area, and arrangement heterogeneity. However, the response of cells to different degrees of mechanical stimuli is unclear. Organ-on-a-chip, as a platform for investigating mechanical stress stimuli in cellular mimicry of the in vivo microenvironment, is limited by the lack of ability to accurately quantify externally induced stimuli. However, previous technology lacks the integration of external stimuli and feedback sensors in microfluidic platforms to obtain and apply precise amounts of external stimuli. Here, we designed a cell stretching platform with an in-situ sensor. The in-situ liquid metal sensors can accurately measure the mechanical stimulation caused by the deformation of the vacuum cavity exerted on cells. The platform was applied to human cardiomyocytes (AC16) under cyclic strain (5%, 10%, 15%, 20 and 25%), and we found that cyclic strain promoted cell growth induced the arrangement of cells on the membrane to gradually unify, and stabilized the cells at 15% amplitude, which was even more effective after 3 days of culture. The platform’s precise control and measurement of mechanical forces can be used to establish more accurate in vitro microenvironmental models for disease modeling and therapeutic research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain sensor on a chip for quantifying the magnitudes of tensile stress on cells

Zhang,

Wang,

Yin

et al. 2024

Microsyst Nanoeng

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“…The use of such large deformations is typically avoided in conventional engineering designs due to their nonlinear response of mechanical systems; however, as seen in the data here, an emergent feature of the dynamical motion-the frequency of pulsation-correlates almost linearly with the flow rates, thereby providing a robust route for flow sensing. Large-scale deformability of microfluidic components can provide further benefits (Xia et al 2021), such as the ability to dynamically adjust a constriction size for efficient cell transfection (Alhmoud et al 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-chip flow rate sensing via membrane deformation and bistability probed by microwave resonators

Secme

Pisheh

Tefek

et al. 2023

Microfluid Nanofluid

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Precise monitoring of fluid flow rates constitutes an integral problem in various lab-on-a-chip applications. While off-chip flow sensors are commonly used, new sensing mechanisms are being investigated to address the needs of increasingly complex lab-on-a-chip platforms which require local and non-intrusive flow rate sensing. In this regard, the deformability of microfluidic components has recently attracted attention as an on-chip sensing mechanism. To develop an on-chip flow rate sensor, here we utilized the mechanical deformations of a 220 nm thick Silicon Nitride membrane integrated with the microfluidic channel. Applied pressure and fluid flow induce different modes of deformations on the membrane, which are electronically probed by an integrated microwave resonator. The flow changes the capacitance, and in turn resonance frequency, of the microwave resonator. By tracking the resonance frequency, liquid flow was probed with the device. In addition to responding to applied pressure by deflection, the membrane also exhibits periodic pulsation motion under fluid flow at a constant rate. The two separate mechanisms, deflection and pulsation, constitute sensing mechanisms for pressure and flow rate. Using the same device architecture, we also detected pressure-induced deformations by a gas to draw further insight into the sensing mechanism of the membrane. Flow rate measurements based on the deformation and instability of thin membranes demonstrate the transduction potential of microwave resonators for fluid-structure interactions at micro-and nanoscales.

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“…PDMS substrates, such as Sylgard molds, showcase high flexibility, rendering them ideal for creating microdevices and drug‐loaded microstructures. [ 73 ] PDMS substrates are characterized for their high elasticity and deformability, [ 120 ] which enable them to adapt to complex and intricate designs. [ 120 ] This distinctive flexibility is crucial in the precise fabrication of microdevices, ensuring that the final product accurately replicates the intended geometries.…”

Section: Substrates: Pioneering Precision Drug Delivery Through Versa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[73] PDMS substrates are characterized for their high elasticity and deformability, [120] which enable them to adapt to complex and intricate designs. [120] This distinctive flexibility is crucial in the precise fabrication of microdevices, ensuring that the final product accurately replicates the intended geometries. Beyond their flexibility, PDMS substrates also possess excellent biocompatibility, [121,122] making them well-suited for applications involving interactions with biological tissues and fluids.…”

Section: Polydimethylsiloxanementioning

confidence: 99%

Inkjet Printing of Pharmaceuticals

Carou‐Senra,

Rodríguez‐Pombo,

Awad

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Inkjet printing (IJP) is an additive manufacturing process that selectively deposits ink materials, layer‐by‐layer, to create three‐dimensional (3D) objects or two‐dimensional (2D) patterns with precise control over their structure and composition. This technology has emerged as an attractive and versatile approach to address the ever‐evolving demands of personalized medicine in the healthcare industry. Although originally developed for non‐healthcare applications, IJP harnesses the potential of pharma‐inks, which are meticulously formulated inks containing drugs and pharmaceutical excipients. Delving into the formulation and components of pharma‐inks, the key to precise and adaptable material deposition enabled by IJP is unraveled. The review extends its focus to substrate materials, including paper, films, foams, lenses, and 3D‐printed materials, showcasing their diverse advantages, whilst exploring a wide spectrum of therapeutic applications. Additionally, the potential benefits of hardware and software improvements, along with artificial intelligence integration, are discussed to enhance IJP's precision and efficiency. Embracing these advancements, IJP holds immense potential to reshape traditional medicine manufacturing processes, ushering in the era of medical precision. However, further exploration and optimization are needed to fully utilize IJP's healthcare capabilities. As researchers push the boundaries of IJP, the vision of patient‐specific treatment is on the horizon of becoming a tangible reality.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Leveraging the elastic deformability of polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic channels for efficient intracellular delivery

Abstract: With the rapid development of microfluidic based cell therapeutics systems, the need arises for compact, modular, and microfluidics-compatible intracellular delivery platforms with small footprints and minimal operational requirements. Physical deformation...

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Strain sensor on a chip for quantifying the magnitudes of tensile stress on cells

Strain sensor on a chip for quantifying the magnitudes of tensile stress on cells

On-chip flow rate sensing via membrane deformation and bistability probed by microwave resonators

Inkjet Printing of Pharmaceuticals

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