Leveraging the Added Value of Experiential Co-Curricular Programs to Humanize Medical Education

Senok, Abiola; John-Baptiste, Anne-Marie; Heialy, Saba Al; Naidoo, Nerissa; Otaki, Farah; Davis, Dave

doi:10.1177/10538259211021444

Cited by 11 publications

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“…Raising awareness on gender behavior patterns and implementing training sessions in communication and SDM skills among physicians are essential, particularly for male physicians [ 19 ]. Medical education must continue to teach compassionate and patient-centered care [ 50 , 51 ]. Furthermore, future qualitative research is needed to develop a deeper understanding of what leads a patient to label a decision as shared.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patients’ and physicians’ gender and perspective on shared decision-making: A cross-sectional study from Dubai

et al. 2022

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Background Delivering patient-centered care is a declared objective of many health delivery systems globally, especially in an era of value-based health care. It entails the active engagement of the patients in healthcare decisions related to their health, also known as shared decision making (SDM). Little is known about the role of gender in shaping the perspective of patients on their opportunity for engaging in SDM in the Arabian Gulf Region. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of gender in shaping patients’ perspectives toward their opportunity for SDM in Dubai, UAE. Methods This study utilized a cross-sectional survey consisting of sociodemographic questions and the 9-item Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9). A total of 50 physicians (25 females and 25 males), practicing at a large private healthcare delivery network in Dubai, were recruited using convenience sampling. Ten patients of every recruited physician (5 male and 5 female) were surveyed (i.e., a total of 500 patients). Statistical analysis assessed the differences in patients’ perceptions of physician SDM attitude scores by physicians’ and patients’ gender using independent t-test, ANOVA-test, and Chi-square analyses. Findings A total of 50 physicians and 500 patients (250 male patients and 250 female patients) participated in this study. The odd of patients agreement was significantly lower for male physicians, compared to their female counterparts, on the following elements of SDM: the doctor precisely explaining the advantages and disadvantages of the treatment (OR = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.34–0.88, p = 0.012); the doctor helping them understand the information (OR = 0.47, 95%CI: 0.23–0.97, p = 0.038), the doctor asking about preferred treatment option (OR = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.35–0.77, p = 0.001), and the doctor thoroughly weighting the different treatment options (OR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.41–0.90, p = 0.013). No significant associations were observed between patients’ gender and their perception of their opportunity for SDM. Likewise, no significant associations were observed between the same or different physician-patient gender and patients’ perception of physicians’ SDM attitudes. Statistically significant associations were observed between physician-patient gender and preferred treatment option for patients (p = 0.012). Conclusion Study findings suggest that while there were no differences in patients’ perspective on SDM by the gender of patients, significant differences were observed by the gender of physicians. Female physicians, compared to their male counterparts, were more engaged in SDM, with both male and female patients. Male physician-female patient dyad received the lowest scores on SDM. This could be explained by the cultural, social, and religious sensitivities that infiltrate the physician-patient relationship in the Arab contexts. Despite the multi-cultural nature of the country, some female patients may still experience some discomfort in opening up and in discussion preferences with male physicians. For physicians, striking the right balance between assertiveness and SDM is necessary within the cultural context, especially among male providers. Offering targeted learning and development programs on the importance and practice of SDM is also necessary to ensure equitable opportunity for engagement in SDM for all patients irrespective of the gender of their provider.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patients’ and physicians’ gender and perspective on shared decision-making: A cross-sectional study from Dubai

et al. 2022

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“…Although this program is not integrated into the curriculum, it is designed in a way that it is highly associated with and complementary to the curriculum. Thus MBRU-SSP can be viewed as a co-curricular program, as opposed to an extra-curricular one (Otaki, Naidoo et al, 2020; Senok et al, 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, published reports from these co-curricular programs (Alamodi et al, 2014; Brown et al, 2018; Jonker et al, 2018) also suffer from similar fragmentation as described by Sauder et al (2019). Indeed, none of the studies derived from medical school co-curricular programs (Alamodi et al, 2014; Brown et al, 2018; Jonker et al, 2018) have captured the perceptions of all three primary stakeholders (i.e., students, home institutions, and host institutions) involved in the programs (Senok et al, 2021).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To prepare doctors equipped to handle challenges emerging from these conditions, the Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU), Dubai, UAE, developed and has been implementing the MBRU-Summer Scholars’ Program (MBRU-SSP): a co-curricular program for undergraduate medical students. This program integrates Kolb's experiential learning theory with situated learning theory (Otaki, Naidoo et al, 2020; Senok et al, 2021). As such, the scope is broadened to embrace learning that is situated in the context of wider societal dynamics and trends (Quay, 2003).…”

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Maximizing experiential co-curricular programs through Stakeholders’ Theory: An explanatory mixed methods study

Otaki

Naidoo

Heialy

et al. 2022

Journal of Experiential Education

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Background: Some medical schools offer co-curricular experiential education programs. Despite the established value of such experiences, there are no published studies that reflect upon the systematic integration of perceptions of primary stakeholders, whose engagement is necessary for program continuity. Purpose: To showcase how stakeholders’ theory can be deployed to holistically evaluate the quality of experiential learning opportunities and the value they offer to all stakeholders. Methodology/Approach: Based on a sequential explanatory mixed methods design, data was solicited from 14 Program Organizers, 107 Participating Students, and 107 Onsite Mentors. Findings/Conclusions: The Program Organizers strongly agreed (95.5%) that the co-curricular program is efficacious. A majority of Participating Students rated the overall quality-of-experience as excellent (81.6%), and most Onsite Mentors rated students’ attendance as excellent (88.7%). There was a dependency between Participating Students’ attendance and extent to which they were engaged in teamwork. The qualitative analysis generated the “Global Citizenship” conceptual framework. Implications: Stakeholders’ theory can be leveraged to broaden the analytic scope of experiential learning, encapsulating the development that occurs at the community level due to individuals’ engagement. This conceptual framework can be utilized by other institutions to guide the development of similar co-curricular programs.

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“…Areas explored included medical research, global health, health policy, biosecurity, medical technology and charitable giving. The use of co-curricular programmes to increase work-related skills and knowledge and stimulate personal professional development is well established [ 21 , 22 ]; however, to our knowledge, there are no examples in the literature of such a programme being used for this particular purpose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and evaluation of an extra-curricular programme focussing on high impact career opportunities for medical professionals

et al. 2023

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Background Many medical professionals seek to do good through their careers, which may involve pursuing non-clinical options such as research, policy, or education in addition to clinical work. Working out which paths will lead to the largest social impact is a challenging question and of interest to many doctors. However, there are few, if any, services that use an impact-oriented framework to support doctors who want to make career decisions based on impact. Objectives To describe the development of an 8-week fellowship programme to introduce medical professionals to careers paths and focus areas which could lead to a particularly large social impact. And to evaluate the programme in terms of engagement, utility, changes in knowledge and career attitudes of participants. Methods The ADDIE instructional design model was used to design and evaluate this fellowship programme. An 8-week curriculum was designed by medical professionals and delivered to medical students and doctors around the world utilising a flipped learning style. Quantitative and qualitative data on the programme were collected and analysed. Results There was more demand for the programme than anticipated. We found that the fellowship was engaging and useful to medical students and doctors. It resulted in an increase in knowledge and skills on how to consider impact in one’s own career and a change in participants’ attitudes and behaviours, with some participants making changes to their career and charitable giving following the programme. Conclusions We believe an impact-orientated, practical co-curricular programme is valuable to medical professionals exploring impactful career options and there is demand for further programmes in this space.

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Leveraging the Added Value of Experiential Co-Curricular Programs to Humanize Medical Education

Cited by 11 publications

References 44 publications

Patients’ and physicians’ gender and perspective on shared decision-making: A cross-sectional study from Dubai

Patients’ and physicians’ gender and perspective on shared decision-making: A cross-sectional study from Dubai

Maximizing experiential co-curricular programs through Stakeholders’ Theory: An explanatory mixed methods study

Development and evaluation of an extra-curricular programme focussing on high impact career opportunities for medical professionals

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