“…The literature has distinguished three streams of research that examine supplier and customer's knowledge as SC leveraging: first focuses on the acquisition process (Buenechea-Elberdin, Sáenz, & Kianto, 2018;Letmathe, Schweitzer, & Zielinski, 2012;Song, Van Der Bij, & Weggeman, 2005), second concentrates on the process of sharing knowledge (Allameh, 2018;Lee, Swink, & Pandejpong, 2011;Wang, Wang, & Liang, 2014) and third investigates the knowledge application process (Nguyen & Harrison, 2019;Song et al, 2005;Wagner & Bode, 2014). For the purpose of this study, considering the tenets of the three streams, we define a company supplier and customer leveraging as the extent to which the firm uses the knowledge obtained from the suppliers and customers in enhancing their innovation activities (Nguyen & Harrison, 2019;Schoenherr, 2018).…”