Leveraging renewable oversupply using a chance-constrained optimization approach for a sustainable datacenter and hydrogen refueling station: Case study of California

Mining bitcoins with carbon capture and renewable energy for carbon neutrality across states in the USA

“…(V) The interest rate considered in the study was 4.5%; however, to see the impact of relatively risky businesses, a higher interest rate of 20.0% was also subjected for analysis in the sensitivity analysis. [60][61][62] (VI) An incentive of $85 per ton of CO 2 captured and stored was considered in the analysis. 63 (VII) The energy consumption of the bitcoin facility considered in the study was much lower than the total load for each state; hence, it was assumed that the additional bitcoin load would not affect the energy mix.…”

“…(V) The interest rate considered in the study was 4.5%; however, to see the impact of relatively risky businesses, a higher interest rate of 20.0% was also subjected for analysis in the sensitivity analysis. 60–62…”

Optimal design of a biofuel supply chain using an augmented multi-objective and TOPSIS method

“…In the calculation of annualized costs, equipment costs are multiplied by their respective capital recovery factor (CRF). 36…”

“…In the calculation of annualized costs, equipment costs are multiplied by their respective capital recovery factor (CRF). 36 C Capex brf = CRF·(FCI q,lr + lc k,lr )· v k,q,lr ,(2) C Capex dry = CRF·(CBD ld + lc d,ld )· w d,ld , C bfuel strg = CRF·(HSB lg + lc g,lg )· x g,lg , C bmss strg = CRF·(ESB lf + lc f,lf )· z f,lf ,…”

Scheduling of Energy Hub Resources Using Robust Chance-Constrained Optimization

“…A chance-constrained optimization approach was used in Ref. [26] to tackle an MILP optimization problem. The optimization was developed, aimed at supplying the electricity and cooling loads of a data center and the hydrogen demand of a neighboring hydrogen fuel station.…”