Leveraging lightweight blockchain to establish data integrity for surveillance cameras

Abstract

The video footage produced by the surveillance cameras is an important evidence to support criminal investigations. Video evidence can be sourced from public (trusted) as well as private (untrusted) surveillance systems. This raises the issue of establishing integrity and auditability for information provided by the untrusted video sources. In this paper, we focus on a airport ecosystem, where multiple entities with varying levels of trust are involved in producing and exchanging video surveillance information. We present a framework to ensure the data integrity of the stored videos, allowing authorities to validate whether video footage has not been tampered. Our proposal uses a lightweight blockchain technology to store the video metadata as blockchain transactions to support the validation of video integrity. The proposed framework also ensures video auditability and non-repudiation. Our evaluations show that the overhead introduced by employing the blockchain to create and query the transactions introduces a very minor latency of a few milliseconds.

A Systematic Literature Review of Lightweight Blockchain for IoT

“…The system functioning on resource-constrained devices [63] Hyperledger Transactions per second, network response time, digital signatures overhead [64] C++ Transactions per millisecond, performance of read operations data lookup [65] Hyperledger Transactions per second, computational overhead [66] N/A Computational overhead, communication overhead [67] N/A Network traffic overhead, processing overhead, energy saving [68] N/A Resource consumption, latency [69] N/A Mining speed & power consumption, signature performance, transactions per second, storage [70] N/A Space occupancy, network delay, network energy consumption [71] Python Network latency, transactions per second, transaction verification, block mining, block verification, vote verification [72] Ethereum Transaction packaging time, transactions per second [73] N/A Proof generation, proof verification [74] Ethereum Resource usage [75] N/A Computational and communication overhead [76] Ethereum Network throughput & latency [77] N/A Storage requirement, communication overhead, computational overhead [78] Java Transaction verification rate, storage, data reliability, data availability [79] N/A Transaction overhead [80] N/A Block generation time, data accuracy, truth value accuracy, task cost [81] NS-3 Network overhead, block generation latency [82] Hyperledger Computational time, memory requirement, bandwidth requirement [83] N/A Storage cost [84] Python CPU usage, block generation speed, computational cost, consensus stability, network usage, storage [85] Python Transaction processing time, block validation processing time, hash rate, hash quality, storage…”

Cost-Effective Blockchain-based IoT Data Marketplaces with a Credit Invariant

“…Ensuring the integrity of data produced by IoT devices is a major concern, and many works have proposed blockchain based solutions. In [15], the authors describe an efficient method for securing surveillance camera footage using blockchain. The work of B-FICA [16] presents a blockchain based system that records sensor data for use in auto-insurance claims.…”

Blockchain‐based video forensics and integrity verification framework for wireless Internet‐of‐Things devices

“…Michelin et al 26 proposes a blockchain solution for surveillance cameras in case of airport. Different entities that have CCTV cameras store the video in interplanetary file system network which is blockchain‐based file storage system.…”