Lessons on Community-Based Fire Prevention and Peatland Restoration v (SCE). The research was conducted in Riau Province, Indonesia. Its PAR segment was conducted in Dompas Village, Bukit Batu Subdistrict, Bengkalis Regency from 2018-2019 in collaboration with the village's Fire Care Community group or Masyarakat Peduli Api (MPA), the Dompas Village Government, and other community groups. The outcomes of this research are summarized and packaged for easy understanding as lessons 1-9 in this publication entitled Lessons on community-based fire prevention and peatland restoration. Research outcomes were also presented in workshops in Bengkalis Regency on 28-29 August 2019 to secure feedback from local-level stakeholders, and in Pekanbaru, the provincial capital, on 24 October 2019 to obtain input from the provincial and national levels. This feedback and input was combined with contributions from practitioners and academics involved in the review process during November and the book review workshop on 3 December 2019.This handbook was born out of Participatory Action Research (PAR) we conducted in Dompas Village to support a gradual change in local community behaviour towards land clearing without burning. Through this PAR, in which knowledge development and behavioural change occurred almost simultaneously, we researched, facilitated and mainstreamed zero-burning land management by assisting the local community in selecting and implementing alternative, fire-free methods for land clearing; developing sustainable business models as integral parts of fire prevention and peatland restoration efforts; and facilitating co-learning.Together with partners, through this PAR we facilitated a series of activities, studies and discussions with the local community through a repeated cycle of 'reflection', 'planning', 'action' and 'monitoring' in seven 'action arenas' in Dompas Village. In these action arenas, which were identified and selected in a participatory manner together with the community, community groups developed sustainable business models for fire prevention and peatland restoration. The arenas were located in peatland areas with unique biophysical characteristics, which fell under four forms of land management: public, private, co-management, and home garden. The biophysical, social and economic conditions of each action arena were carefully studied. We worked together to determine roles and responsibilities; establish cost-benefit sharing mechanisms; and plan what commodities and business models to develop, as well as any necessary landscape engineering, etc. These plans were then followed up on with collective actions comprising canal blocking to rewet or moisten peat; tree planting; fish farming; establishing pineapple, liberica coffee and rubber agroforestry systems; developing hybrid coconuts in community home gardens; and strengthening community institutions and farmer groups. Monitoring was carried out in and by the community using biophysical and socioeconomic indicators. vi This book is intended as a me...