Bile
colloids containing taurocholate and lecithin are essential
for the solubilization of hydrophobic molecules including poorly water-soluble
drugs such as Perphenazine. We detail the impact of Perphenazine concentrations
on taurocholate/lecithin colloids using analytical ultracentrifugation,
dynamic light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering, nuclear
magnetic resonance spectroscopy, coarse-grained molecular dynamics
simulations, and isothermal titration calorimetry. Perphenazine impacted
colloidal molecular arrangement, structure, and binding thermodynamics
in a concentration-dependent manner. At low concentration, Perphenazine
was integrated into stable and large taurocholate/lecithin colloids
and close to lecithin. Integration of Perphenazine into these colloids
was exothermic. At higher Perphenazine concentration, the taurocholate/lecithin
colloids had an approximately 5-fold reduction in apparent hydrodynamic
size, heat release was less exothermic upon drug integration into
the colloids, and Perphenazine interacted with both lecithin and taurocholate.
In addition, Perphenazine induced a morphological transition from
vesicles to wormlike micelles as indicated by neutron scattering.
Despite these surprising colloidal dynamics, these natural colloids
successfully ensured stable relative amounts of free Perphenazine
throughout the entire drug concentration range tested here. Future
studies are required to further detail these findings both on a molecular
structural basis and in terms of in vivo relevance.