Leveraging AI‐enabled 6G‐driven IoT for sustainable smart cities

Abstract

SummaryMany scholastic researches have begun around the globe about the competitive technological interventions like 5G communication networks and its challenges. The incipient technology of 6G networks has emerged to facilitate ultrareliable and low‐latency applications for sustainable smart cities which are infeasible with the existing 4G/5G standards. Therefore, the advanced technologies like machine learning (ML), block chain, and Internet of Things (IoT) utilizing 6G network are leveraged to develop cost‐efficient mechanisms to address the issues of excess communication overhead in the present state of the art. Initially, the authors discussed the key vision of 6G communication technologies, its core technologies (such as visible light communication [VLC] and THz), and the existing issues with the existing network generations (such as 5G and 4G). A detailed analysis of benefits, challenges, and applications of blockchain‐enabled IoT devices with application verticals like Smart city, smart factory plus, automation, and XR that form the key highlights for 6G wireless communication network is also presented. In addition, the key applications and latest research of artificial intelligence (AI) in 6G are discussed facilitating the dynamic spectrum allocation mechanism and mobile edge computing. Lastly, an in‐depth study of the existing open issues and challenges in green 6G communication network technology, as well as review of solutions and potential research recommendations are also presented.

6G Networks and the AI Revolution—Exploring Technologies, Applications, and Emerging Challenges

“…Collaborate with regulatory bodies to identify and allocate specific frequency bands for 6G, focusing on millimeter and terahertz bands. This involves conducting spectrum studies to identify underutilized or unallocated frequency ranges [121,122].…”

Neurotechnologies Applied to Society's Perception of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in Smart Cities

“…This involves the use of advanced sensors to collect real-time data on traffic, air quality, weather, waste management, and other urban aspects. Integration of this data into CPS systems for making Hsu et al, 2023;Salih et al, 2023;Gera et al, 2023;Linardatos et al, 2023;Song et al, 2023;Alshbatat, 2023;Holubcik et al, 2023;Goyal et al, 2023;Ismaeel et al, 2023;Moolikagedara et al, 2023 CPS-enabled environmental monitoring and air quality management in smart cities CPS-enabled transportation systems for autonomous vehicles and connected vehicles…”

“…However, emerging 6G network technology has arisen to facilitate ultra-reliable and low-latency applications for sustainable smart cities that are unattainable with existing 4G/5G standards. Therefore, advanced technologies such as machine learning (ML), blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT) utilizing the 6G network are leveraged to develop cost-effective mechanisms to address communication overload issues in the current state of the art (Gera et al, 2023). Environmental monitoring and air quality management enabled by cyber-physical systems (CPS) play a crucial role in smart cities, enabling continuous assessment of air quality and data-driven decision-making to address pollution issues and improve residents' quality of life.…”

Security of 6G-Enabled Vehicle-to-Everything Communication in Emerging Federated Learning and Blockchain Technologies

“…When a VLC device is powered on and initiates communication, it broadcasts its digital identity along with its operational parameters, allowing receiving devices to recognize and establish an association with it. This association enables secure and accurate communication between VLC devices within the network [149]. The proposed architecture aims to intelligently identify the security implementation requirements and ensure the security should be as per the dominating domain out of all the CIA 3 domains.…”