Levelt’s laws do not predict perception when luminance- and contrast-modulated stimuli compete during binocular rivalry

Skerswetat, Jan; Formankiewicz, Monika A.; Waugh, Sarah J.

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-32703-9

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Table 1 compares these previous results with findings of the current study. For LM-vs-LM split-grating stimuli, IOG characteristics again follow Levelt's first three laws as they do for CBR 1 . However, when LM-vs-CM stimuli compete for IOG, like CBR 1 , Levelt's laws do not hold.…”

Section: Do Levelt's Laws Hold For Iog?supporting

confidence: 58%

“…2A), we did not investigate Levelt's laws for them. Due to our findings for CBR 1 , we hypothesized that for LM-CM split gratings, IOG would not be in line with Levelt's laws. were separately analysed as were exclusive visibility results for the three different visibility conditions.…”

Section: Results Of Second Experiment: Testing Levelt's Laws For Iogmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…A recent study showed that IOG perception also depends on stimulus visibility, obeying Levelt's first three laws when changing colour saturation of unilateral chromatic stimuli 13 . However, during CBR we have shown that none of Levelt's laws hold when LM stimuli are presented to one eye, and CM stimuli are presented to the other 1 . In the current study, we test whether these laws hold for IOG when using L, LM and CM stimuli.…”

mentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Two-dimensional binary white noise added to a sinusoidal luminance grating. N is the binary noise at position (x, y) [either black (− 1) or white (1)] and n is contrast of 0.2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the current study, we test whether these laws hold for IOG when using L, LM and CM stimuli. More specific aims are (1) to investigate whether IOG can be generated with CM stimuli and whether perceptual characteristics differ from those found for L and LM stimuli and (2) to test Levelt's laws using LM and CM stimuli while applying the split-grating IOG paradigm. If IOG is driven by inhibition between low-level monocular processing mechanisms 12,25 , then CM stimuli would not generate IOG percepts, or would show much lower proportions of IOG than L and LM stimuli at comparable visibility.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrast-modulated stimuli produce more superimposition and predominate perception when competing with comparable luminance-modulated stimuli during interocular grouping

Skerswetat

Formankiewicz

Waugh

2020

Sci Rep

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Interocular grouping (IOG) is a binocular visual function that can arise during multi-stable perception. IOG perception was initiated using split-grating stimuli constructed from luminance (L), luminancemodulated noise (LM) and contrast-modulated noise (CM). In Experiment 1, three different visibility levels were used for L and LM (or first-order) stimuli, and compared to fixed-visibility CM (or secondorder) stimuli. Eight binocularly normal participants indicated whether they perceived full horizontal or vertical gratings, superimposition, or other (piecemeal and eye-of-origin) percepts. CM stimuli rarely generated full IOG, but predominantly generated superimposition. In Experiment 2, Levelt's modified laws were tested for IOG in nine participants. Split-gratings presented to each eye contained different visibility LM gratings, or LM and CM gratings. The results for the LM-vs-LM conditions mostly followed the predictions of Levelt's modified laws, whereas the results for the LM-vs-CM conditions did not. Counterintuitively, when high-visibility LM and low-visibility CM split-gratings were used, high-visibility LM components did not predominate IOG perception. Our findings suggest that higher proportions of superimposition during CM-vs-CM viewing are due to binocular combination, rather than mutual inhibition. It implies that IOG percepts are more likely to be mediated at an earlier monocular, rather than a binocular stage. Our previously proposed conceptual framework for conventional binocular rivalry, which includes asymmetric feedback, visual saliency, or a combination of both (Skerswetat et al. Sci Rep 8:14432, 2018), might also account for IOG. We speculate that opponency neurons might mediate coherent percepts when dissimilar information separately enters the eyes. The human visual system has evolved to combine monocular inputs into a coherent, fused, binocular percept if those inputs have similar physical properties. Significant physical differences between two monocular images can lead to exclusive visibility of one eye's input for a few seconds until that eye's input is suppressed, as the formerly suppressed eye's input takes over visual awareness. This phenomenon is known as binocular rivalry 2-5. Conventional binocular rivalry (CBR) is typically generated by presenting for example, a vertical grating to one eye and a horizontal grating to the other. Perception will begin to alter between an exclusive vertical and an exclusive horizontal grating. Traditionally, CBR is known for alternation between two exclusive percepts but in transition between these exclusivity states, CBR also consists of "mixed" percepts, namely piecemeal (i.e. exclusivity in smaller local spatial zones across the visual field 6) and superimposition (i.e. percept of completely overlapping rival stimuli 7. Superimposition has been thought to be indicative of binocular fusion 7,8 .

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Section: Do Levelt's Laws Hold For Iog?supporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Results Of Second Experiment: Testing Levelt's Laws For Iogmentioning

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Two-dimensional binary white noise added to a sinusoidal luminance grating. N is the binary noise at position (x, y) [either black (− 1) or white (1)] and n is contrast of 0.2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrast-modulated stimuli produce more superimposition and predominate perception when competing with comparable luminance-modulated stimuli during interocular grouping

Skerswetat

Formankiewicz

Waugh

2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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Binocular rivalry from luminance and contrast

et al. 2020

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A new experimental phenomenological method to explore the subjective features of psychological phenomena: its application to binocular rivalry

Niikawa

Miyahara

Hamada

et al. 2020

Neuroscience of Consciousness

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The subjective features of psychological phenomena have been studied intensively in experimental science in recent years. Although various methods have been proposed to identify subjective features of psychological phenomena, there are elusive subjective features such as the spatiotemporal structure of experience, which are difficult to capture without some additional methodological tools. We propose a new experimental method to address this challenge, which we call the contrast-based experimental phenomenological method (CEP). CEP proceeds in four steps: (i) front-loading phenomenology, (ii) online second-personal interview, (iii) questionnaire survey, and (iv) hypotheses testing. It differs from other experimental phenomenological methods in that it takes advantage of phenomenal contrasts in collecting phenomenological data. In this paper, we verify the validity and productivity of this method by applying it to binocular rivalry (BR). The study contributes to empirical research on BR in three respects. First, it provides additional evidence for existing propositions about the subjective features of BR: e.g. the proposition that the temporal dynamics of the experience depend upon subject-dependent parameters such as attentional change. Second, it deepens our understanding of the spatiotemporal structures of the transition phase of BR. Third, it elicits new research questions about depth experience and individual differences in BR. The presence of such contributions demonstrates the validity and productivity of CEP.

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Levelt’s laws do not predict perception when luminance- and contrast-modulated stimuli compete during binocular rivalry

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

Contrast-modulated stimuli produce more superimposition and predominate perception when competing with comparable luminance-modulated stimuli during interocular grouping

Contrast-modulated stimuli produce more superimposition and predominate perception when competing with comparable luminance-modulated stimuli during interocular grouping

Binocular rivalry from luminance and contrast

A new experimental phenomenological method to explore the subjective features of psychological phenomena: its application to binocular rivalry

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