Levels, sources, and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Brno, Czech Republic: a 5-year study

Bulejko, Pavel; Adamec, Vladimír; Schüllerová, Barbora; Skeřil, Robert

doi:10.1007/s11356-016-7172-5

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The higher CDI levels in colder season compared to warmer season observed in this study is in agreement with those reported in the literature (Amarillo et al, 2017;Bulejko et al, 2016;Ugranli et al, 2016). The mean inhalation risk level for Σ 15 PAHs were estimated below 10 − 6 in all seasons, except in winter (1.65 × 10 −6 ).…”

Section: Population Exposure and Carcinogenic Riskssupporting

confidence: 92%

Source apportionment and carcinogenic risk assessment of passive air sampler-derived PAHs and PCBs in a heavily industrialized region

Çetin

Yurdakul

Güngörmüş

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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Cancer has become the primary reason of deaths in Dilovasi probably due to its location with unique topography under the influence of heavy industrialization and traffic. In this study, possible sources and carcinogenic health risks of PAHs and PCBs were investigated in Dilovasi region by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and the USEPA approach, respectively. PAHs and PCBs were measured monthly for a whole year at 23 sampling sites using PUF disk passive samplers. Average ambient air concentrations were found as 285±431ng/m and 4152±6072pg/m, for ΣPAH and ΣPCB, respectively. PAH concentrations increased with decreasing temperature especially at urban sites, indicating the impact of residential heating in addition to industrial activities and traffic. On the other hand, PCB concentrations mostly increased with temperature probably due to enhanced volatilization from their sources. Possible sources of PAHs were found as emissions of diesel and gasoline vehicles, biomass and coal combustion, iron and steel industry, and unburned petroleum/petroleum products, whereas iron-steel production, coal and biomass burning, technical PCB mixtures, and industrial emissions were identified for PCBs. The mean carcinogenic risk associated with inhalation exposure to PAHs and PCBs were estimated to be >10 and >10, respectively, at all sampling points, while the 95th percentile was >10 at 15 of 23 and >10 at 8 of 23 sampling locations, respectively. Probabilistic assessment showed, especially for PCBs, that a majority of Dilovasi population face significant health risks. The higher risks due to PCBs further indicated that PCBs and possibly other pollutants originating from the same sources such as PBDEs and PCNs may be an important issue for the region.

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Section: Population Exposure and Carcinogenic Riskssupporting

confidence: 92%

Source apportionment and carcinogenic risk assessment of passive air sampler-derived PAHs and PCBs in a heavily industrialized region

Çetin

Yurdakul

Güngörmüş

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Significant success in preventing the infection, has been achieved by decreasing the amount of some air contaminants such as dust, allergens, microorganisms, welding fumes and combustion-generated particles utilizing air filtration. It has been found that there is a direct association between high concentrations of airborne particles and human health disorders ( Bulejko et al, 2016 ). Nowadays the mask's filter is constructed from layers of cotton gauze to prevent people from the aerosols.…”

Section: Environment and Virus Transmission Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

From the environment to the cells: An overview on pivotal factors which affect spreading and infection in COVID-19 pandemic

Zarei

Rahimi

Hassanzadeh

et al. 2021

Environmental Research

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Several factors ranging from environmental risks to the genetics of the virus and that of the hosts, affect the spread of COVID-19. The impact of physicochemical variables on virus vitality and spread should be taken into account in experimental and clinical studies. Another avenue to explore is the effect of diet and its interaction with the immune system on SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality rate. Past year have witnessed extensive studies on virus and pathophysiology of the COVID-19 disease and the cellular mechanisms of virus spreading. However, our knowledge has not reached a level where we plan an efficient therapeutic approach to prevent the virus entry to the cells or decreasing the spreading and morbidity in severe cases of disease. The risk of infection directly correlates with the control of virus spreading via droplets and aerosol transmission, as well as patient immune system response. A key goal in virus restriction and transmission rate is to understand the physicochemical structure of aerosol and droplet formation, and the parameters that affect the droplet-borne and airborne in different environmental conditions. The lifetime of droplets on different surfaces is described based on the contact angle. Hereby, we recommend regular use of high-quality face masks in high temperature and low humidity conditions. However, in humid and cold weather conditions, wearing gloves and frequently hand washing, gain a higher priority. Additionally, social distancing rules should be respected in all aforementioned conditions. We will also discuss different routes of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the cells and how multiple genetic factors play a role in the spread of the virus. Given the role of environmental and nutritional factors, we discuss and recommend some strategies to prevent the disease and protect the population against COVID-19. Since an effective vaccine can prevent the transmission of communicable diseases and abolish pandemics, we added a brief review of candidate SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

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“…The selected principal components have cumulative variances that exceed 85% of the total variance after the application of the varimax rotation. These factors could be considered in order to reflect the specific chemical sources of target pollutants [25,26]. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model is one of the most extensively used atmospheric transport and dispersion models in the atmospheric sciences community [6,27,28].…”

Section: Source Apportionment Techniques Of Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Source Contributions and Health Risk Assessment of Fine Particle-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) during Spring and Late Summer in the Baoshan Area, Shanghai

Wang

Nakajima

et al. 2021

Processes

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The main objective of this study was to examine the chemical characteristics, possible sources, and health risks of fine particle-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Baoshan area of Shanghai. Here, ambient particles with five-size ranges were collected during the spring and late summer of 2017. The PAHs were determined by the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Our results showed that the average mass concentration of 13 species of PAHs in spring and in late summer was 4.83 (1.88~12.1) ng/m3 and 4.27 (2.09~5.75) ng/m3 in Total Suspended Particles (TSPs), respectively. The higher PAH ratios (PM1.1/TSPs) indicated that PAHs are mainly concentrated in PM1.1, especially in late summer. The values of BaA/(BaA+CHR) were under 0.50 and IcdP/(IcdP+BghiP) were in range from 0.20 to 0.50 for TSP and PM1.1, suggesting that petroleum combustion and diesel emissions could be considered as key sources of PAHs, which tend to be associated with PM1.1. Moreover, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in PM1.1 identified the main PH sources, which include stationary and diesel emissions. The air mass backward trajectories and wind direction analysis showed that air masses were mainly derived from marine sources across the local industry area in late summer. Individual Carcinogenic Risk Inhalation (ILCR) was over 10−6 among the total six age groups in both of the sampling periods in TSPs, indicating the possible carcinogenic risk, especially for children and the young age group. Toxic PAHs belong to Heavy Molecular Weight (HMW) PAHs, especially Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). Compared with PM1.1–2.0, the Combustion-Derived PAHs group (COMPAHs) and Carcinogenic PAHs (CANPAHs) were highly concentrated in PM1.1. Stationary sources, such as the developed steel industry, made a great contribution to the level of PAHs, especially in late summer.

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Levels, sources, and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Brno, Czech Republic: a 5-year study

Cited by 19 publications

References 66 publications

Source apportionment and carcinogenic risk assessment of passive air sampler-derived PAHs and PCBs in a heavily industrialized region

Source apportionment and carcinogenic risk assessment of passive air sampler-derived PAHs and PCBs in a heavily industrialized region

From the environment to the cells: An overview on pivotal factors which affect spreading and infection in COVID-19 pandemic

Industrial Source Contributions and Health Risk Assessment of Fine Particle-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) during Spring and Late Summer in the Baoshan Area, Shanghai

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