Levels of Testosterone in the Plasma, Gonads, and Adrenals During Fetal Development of the Rabbit

Veyssière, G.; Berger, Michel; Jean‐Faucher, Ch.; Turckheim, M. de; Jean, Cl.

doi:10.1210/endo-99-5-1263

Cited by 57 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Secretions of both cell types are involved in differentiation of the reproductive system (Bloch et al 1971, Klonisch et al 2004. In rabbits, testosterone concentration in fetal blood/tissue remains high until birth, when it drops and remains low until PND 40 (Veyssiere et al 1976, Berger et al 1982.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of sexual function, FSH secretion, and spermiogenesis in rabbits following developmental exposure to vinclozolin, a fungicide

Veeramachaneni¹,

Palmer²,

Amann³

et al. 2006

Reproduction

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We studied sequelae of prenatal plus infantile exposure of male rabbits to vinclozolin, because it is ingested by women and children. Female Dutch-Belted rabbits (7 -10/group) were treated daily per orum from gestation day 15 through post-natal week 4 to provide 0, 7.2, or 72 mg vinclozolin/kg dam's body weight/day. Vinclozolin had no effect on maintenance of pregnancy, growth of pups, age at testicular descent or weight of organs. Concentrations of serum LH or testosterone at 6, 12, or 24 weeks of age were unaffected. However, FSH was lower (P < 0.05) in both vinclozolin groups at all three ages. Following injection of GnRH at 12 or 24 weeks, the increase in FSH was less (P < 0.05) in both vinclozolin groups, as was testosterone at 12 weeks of age. After full sexual maturity, 2 of 7 low dose rabbits were uninterested in female or male teasers and never achieved erection or ejaculation. Overall, rates of ejaculation failure were: control 0% (0/48), low dose 29% (12/42), and high dose 5% (3/60). Daily sperm production per gram of testis and total number of sperm per ejaculate in both vinclozolin groups were similar (P > 0.1) to controls. However, semen from vinclozolin rabbits contained over two times more (P < 0.05) morphologically abnormal spermatozoa, mostly nuclear and acrosomal defects, than semen from controls. Seminiferous tubules with degenerative changes were more frequent (P < 0.05) in vinclozolin rabbits than in controls. Lesions included syncytia of spherical spermatids and desquamation of germ cells. Hence, developmental exposure to vinclozolin caused presumably permanent changes in copulatory ability, secretion of FSH, and spermiogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of sexual function, FSH secretion, and spermiogenesis in rabbits following developmental exposure to vinclozolin, a fungicide

Veeramachaneni¹,

Palmer²,

Amann³

et al. 2006

Reproduction

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“…Recently, the effect of gonadal hormones, particularly androgens, on the development of nonreproductive organs such as brain, liver, and adrenal cortex has been a topic of investigation (3, 10, 11). Testosterone levels are higher in male fetuses than in female fetuses (6), and in rabbits and rats the difference is greatest just prior to the time when the surge in pulmonary surfactant production has been shown to begin (20,21). Hence, testosterone may be involved in the delayed timing of pulmonary surfactant maturation of the male.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Fetal Rabbit Pulmonary Surfactant Production

Nielsen

Torday

1981

Pediatr Res

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Summary MATERIALS AND METHODSMale infants have a higher risk of respiratory distress syndrome New Zealand White rabbit does were mated between 0900 and than females at concurrent gestations. Recent evidence in humans 1200 hr and sacrificed between these hours on day 24, 26, 28, or has linked fetal sex with differences in amniotic fluid indices of 30 of gestation (day 0 = day of mating; term = 31 days). Does lung maturation. We tested the hypothesis that the late gestation were sacrificed with an intravenous injection of pentobarbital (180 surge in pulmonary surfactant production occurs later in the male mg). The uterus was then exposed, and the fetuses were sacrificed fetus than in the female fetus in the rabbit model. We measured with 30 mg of pentobarbital intraperitoneally, injected through saturated phosphatidylcholine and total phosphatidylcholine in the uterine wall. AF was obtained on each fetus by puncturing the lung lavage a t 26, 28, and 30 days gestation and in amniotic fluid fetal membranes after dissecting away the uterine wall. Each fetus a t 24,26,28, and 30 days gestation (term = 31 days). The saturated was weighed and then tracheostomized, and LL was obtained by phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin ratios were 158 and 55% lavaging the lungs with 5 X 0.5 ml of 0.9% iced NaCl solution. We higher in female fetal lung lavage a t 26 and 28 days, respectively, were unable to obtain reliable LL samples on 24 day gestation and 75% higher in amniotic fluid at 28 days (P < 0.05). The total fetuses. Bloody LL or AF samples were discarded. Fetal sex was phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin ratios were 39% higher in fe-determined by inspection of the gonads and confirmed histologimale fetal lung lavage and 35% higher in female amniotic fluid a t cally.28 days (P < 0.05). Significant differences were not detected in Thereopment which is directly related to an increase in morbidity and fore, the results are expressed as the ratio of PC or SPC to S (PC/ mortality in the newborn. Further investigations using this model and SPC/S ratios). may help to define the mechanism by which the sex difference in A11 statistical comparisons were made using Student's t test. fetal lung maturation occurs. This may lead to development of better methods for preventing respiratory distress syndrome in the RESULTS premature infant. Understanding the causes of the male disadvantage for respiratory distress syndrome may also help to define the There were differences between the n~ean male and female causes of the male disadvantage for a variety of other disorders.weights at each point in gestation studied (data not shown). Figure 1 shows the results for the PC/S and SPC/S ratios for both sexes in LL and AF at each point in gestation. In the SPC/S ratio, Males are at greater risk than females for a variety of diseases there is a significant difference between the males and females and have higher age-specific mortality rates, a phenomenon characterized by a later rise in the SPC/S ratio in the male fetus. termed the male disadvantage. The ...

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“…At day 21 of gestation, female fetal lung explants but not male explants responded to EGF stimulation with increased surfactant phospholipid synthesis (25). Furthermore, at day 21 ofgestation, the difference in plasma androgen levels (5a-dihydrotestosterone) between male and female rabbit fetuses is fivefold (26). We hypothesized that one mechanism responsible for the male lag in fetal lung maturation would be an androgen-induced delay in EGF receptor binding activity during fetal lung development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor binding activity during fetal rabbit lung development.

Klein¹,

Nielsen²

1993

J. Clin. Invest.

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Fetal lung development progresses in a sex-specific manner with male fetuses exhibiting delayed maturation. Androgens, both exogenous and endogenous, inhibit while epidermal growth factor (EGF) enhances fetal lung development. We hypothesized that one mechanism responsible for the delay in male fetal lung development is an androgen-induced delay in EGF receptor binding activity. We measured EGF binding in sex-specific fetal rabbit lung plasma membranes isolated from control fetuses (days 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, and 30 ofgestation) and from androgen-treated fetuses (days 21, 23, and 27 of gestation) that had been continuously exposed in vivo to exogenous 5a-dihydrotestosterone from day 12 through 27 of gestation. Specific binding of EGF was significantly lower in male than in female fetal lung tissue isolated from controls at day 21 of gestation. Scatchard analysis revealed that this decrease in EGF binding was associated with decreased EGF receptor density without any significant change in affinity. Prenatal exogenous androgen treatment led to decreased EGF binding in fetal rabbit lung tissue from both sexes secondary to a decrease in EGF receptor density. These findings suggest that one mechanism responsible for the delay in male fetal lung maturation is an androgen-induced delay in EGF receptor binding activity during fetal lung development. (J. Clin. Invest. 1993. 91:425-431.)

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Levels of Testosterone in the Plasma, Gonads, and Adrenals During Fetal Development of the Rabbit

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Disruption of sexual function, FSH secretion, and spermiogenesis in rabbits following developmental exposure to vinclozolin, a fungicide

Disruption of sexual function, FSH secretion, and spermiogenesis in rabbits following developmental exposure to vinclozolin, a fungicide

Sex Differences in Fetal Rabbit Pulmonary Surfactant Production

Androgen regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor binding activity during fetal rabbit lung development.

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