Levels of soluble ICAM‐1 in premature and full‐term neonates with infection

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Infection in the neonatal period is an extremely serious condition and diagnosis is difficult. C-reactive protein (CRP) is widely used as a marker of infection; however, its usefulness is limited in the early phase. The role of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), an adhesion molecule, has been examined in recent studies as an early marker of neonatal infection with controversial results. AIM: Assessment of sICAM-1 concentrations and correlation with CRP, which is the currently used marker of infection, in order to use sICAM as an early diagnostic tool in neonates suspected for infection METHODS: Blood samples and blood cultures were obtained from two groups of pre-term and full-term neonates with clinical suspicion of infection prior to the initiation of antibiotics. The sICAM-1 and CRP values were compared with the corresponding noninfected ones (n = 10 each). RESULTS: The sICAM-1 levels were found increased in the group of both premature and term neonates with infection compared with the corresponding healthy ones (P < 0.0001). Prematurity combined with infection resulted in excessive increase of the levels of sICAM-1 in comparison with full-term infected newborns (p < 0.001). CRP values were normal in all samples except one in both full-term and premature infected neonates on day 1 of clinically suspected infection. Serial detection of CRP values on days 2 and 4 of infection revealed a pattern according to which CRP values in premature neonates continued rising, while in the group of full terms these values, after rising on the second day, lowered on day 4. CONCLUSIONS: Increased sICAM-1 levels can be detected early in both full-term and premature neonates with sepsis while CRP levels are within normal range at the same time. Assessment of sICAM-1 concentrations may be used as a diagnostic tool in neonates suspected for infection, resulting in earlier initiation of antibiotic therapy and therefore improving their outcome.

Effect of packed red blood cell transfusion on IL-8 and sICAM-1 in premature neonates at different postnatal ages

“…The median pre-transfusion concentration of IL-8 was 35 pg/ml in Group 1 neonates and 65 pg/ml in Group 2 neonates. These concentrations were greater than previously reported concentrations by Lusyati et al 17 However, the reported concentrations in the current study were in line with those of Apostolou et al, 18 who reported a median sICAM-1 level in preterm neonates of 469.6 ng/ml and in full term neonates one of 353.4 ng/ml. They concluded that prematurity resulted in increased serum concentration of sICAM1.…”

Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction predict sepsis mortality in young infants: a matched case-control study

“…Berner et al and Dollner et al did not find an association between sICAM among septic infants [ 37 , 38 ]. In contrast, studies by Hansen et al, Apostolu et al, and Figueras et al found increased levels of sICAM-1 among septic infants compared with controls [ 40 , 43 , 62 ], and Edgar et al demonstrated that sICAM-1 levels predicted infection in newborns [ 41 , 42 ]. Interestingly even in non-septic newborns, levels of circulating sICAM-1 have been shown to increase over the first week of life; by 30 days of life, plasma concentrations can exceed those of healthy adults [ 63 ].…”

ICAM-1 and S100β plasma value in children with sepsis

“…Research conducted by Routsi et al reports that S100β levels increase in critical patients without brain damage and support the opinion that increased S100β levels may be associated with tissue hypoperfusion. 7 While research by Hsu et al Concluded that an increase in S100β and NSE in serum showed that septic shock caused the release of protein structures originating from brain cells, and this release indicated neurological damage. 8 In this study, the mean value of S100β on the first day of sepsis was 0.085 (0.001 -0.142) ng / mL and the third day was 0.006 (0.001 -0.137) ng / mL.…”

“…Serum ICAM-1 values increase first (on the first day) compared to CRP values, so serum ICAM-1 measurements can be useful for early detection of sepsis in neonates suspected of having an infection, so that antibiotic administration can begin immediately and improve outcome. 7 S100β is an astrocyte protein that is responsible for intracellular calcium homeostasis. Several previous studies have shown that brain cell damage is characterized by an increase in serum S100β levels.…”