Levels of serum steroid hormones in intrauterine contraceptive device users

Abstract

Serum progesterone, estradiol, testosterone and cortisol were assayed in the mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycles in 30 Lippe's loop and 30 Cu T-200 IUCD users, compared to 24 controls. Mean serum progesterone and estradiol levels were significantly higher in the mid-luteal, compared to the mid-follicular phase in each group (p less than 0.01). There were no significant differences between the mean levels of progesterone, testosterone and cortisol in IUCD users and controls in both the mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases. IUCD users had significantly higher levels of estradiol (p less than 0.01) in the mid-luteal phase but not in the mid-follicular phase, compared to controls. There was hormonal evidence of corpus luteum insufficiency in 8.3%, 14.3% and 20% in the controls, Lippe's loop and Cu T-200 IUCD users, respectively.

Reproductive History and Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern China

“…Most women with IUD use (98.5%) in our study practiced intrauterine contraception before 1990s, when inert IUDs and copper IUDs were most used among all types of IUDs in China [40]. Clinical studies suggested that inert IUD and copper IUD users had increased concentration of estrogen receptors [41] or higher levels of estrogen [42][43][44][45][46]. It is likely that IUD use protects the cognitive function through changing the balance of hormone receptors or hormone levels in the uterus.…”