Levels of S100B are raised in female patients with schizophrenia

Abstract

BackgroundThe neurotrophic factor, S100B, is released primarily from astrocytes, with serum and CSF levels of S100B reported as altered in schizophrenia. However, many of these reports are contradictory. Here, serum levels of S100B in schizophrenia and influence of age, gender, medication and illness severity were examined.MethodsSerum S100B levels were measured in patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine. Lifestyle, metabolic and illness severity parameters were correlated with S100B concentrations.ResultsData showed raised serum levels of S100B in schizophrenia female patients, but not male patients, compared to controls. Correlation analysis demonstrated a positive association between S100B serum concentrations and BMI.ConclusionsThis study supports previous findings that adipocytes may contribute to S100B serum concentrations in females, in addition to astrocytes. This study also supports the hypothesis that metabolic effects of medication, lifestyle choices and the illness itself, may be contributing factors to altered levels of S100B.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Circulating S100B Blood Levels in Schizophrenia

“…On the contrary, results on the relationship between S100B blood levels and psychopathology remained inconclusive, with studies reporting in turn no correlation [36], [39], [40], [23], [50], [51], [55], a negative correlation [47] and a positive correlation with negative symptomatology [38], [41], [42], [46]. In addition, patients with deficit syndrome [67] present higher S100B serum [48] and elevated serum S100B levels have linked to memory impairment [68].…”

Regulation of astroglia by gonadal steroid hormones under physiological and pathological conditions

“…Sexual dimorphisms regarding the number and morphology of astrocytes have been profoundly studied, and have been detected in different CNS regions of adult rodents, such as in the hippocampus (Arias et al, 2009;Conejo et al, 2005;Garcia-Segura et al, 1988), medial amygdala (Johnson et al, 2008;Rasia-Filho et al, 2002), preoptic area (Amateau and, arcuate nucleus (Chowen et al, 1995;Mong and McCarthy, 2002;Mong et al, 1996), suprachiasmatic nucleus (Collado et al, 1995, supraoptic nucleus (Suarez et al, 1991), interpeduncular nucleus (Gerics et al, 2001) and cerebellum (Suarez et al, 1992) (Figure 1). Besides, sex differences in the expression of astroglial markers, namely GFAP and S-100, have been described under both physiological and pathological conditions (Chowen et al, 1995;Cordeau Jr. et al, 2008;Nogueira et al, 2009;O'Connell et al, 2013;Zupanc et al, 2014) (Figure 1). …”

Reactivity of perineuronal astrocytes in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: an ultrastructural morphometric study

“…Стимуляция липополисахаридом астроцитов ко-ры больших полушарий от самок и самцов в культуре вы-явило большую продукцию астроцитами от самцов таких цитокинов, как IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα по сравнению с самка-ми [49]. Недавние исследования показали, что уровень астроцитарного белка S-100B в сыворотке крови повышен у больных шизофренией женщин, но не мужчин [50]. Раз-ная реактивность ПА у мужчин и женщин, больных ши-зофренией, выявленная в нашем исследовании, согласу-ется с этими данными о гендерных морфологических и функциональных особенностях астроцитов и показывает важность половых различий в их реактивности при ши-…”