Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk and milk powder samples and their likely risk assessment in Iranian population

Shariatifar, Nabi; Dadgar, Manouchehr; Fakhri, Yadolah; Shahsavari, Saeed; Moazzen, Mojtaba; Ahmadloo, Mahsa; Kiani, Amin; Aeenehvand, Saeed; Nazmara, Shahrokh; Khanegah, Amin Mousavi

doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103331

Cited by 50 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…31 The studies indicated that the PAHs can probably be absorbed on the suspended particle in the air and these particles can substantially deposit on the studied plants, leading to the transfer of PAHs from particles to the leaves cuticle. Furthermore, hydrophobic fruits and vegetables can directly adsorb PAHs from the particles 6,32 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Food and food products are contaminated with PAH compounds through food production, cooking at home, and environmental sources, as well as water, soil, and air, can contaminate vegetable and fruit by entering in these food. Therefore PAH compounds are found as contaminants in some food including smoked food, seafood, milk and milk products, meat and products of meat, vegetables, cereals, fruits, coffee, tea, fats and oils 5,6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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WITHDRAWN: The Analysis and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contamination in Vegetables and Fruits Samples Marketed Tehran With Chemometric Approach

Khalili

Shariatifar

Dehghani

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The aim of current study was to evaluate the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentration and probabilistic health risk in vegetables and fruits samples of Tehran city, Iran during 2018-2019 using magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranged 0.040-0.084 and 0.121-0.253 μg/kg, respectively. The results showed that the highest PAH levels corresponded to acenaphthene (135.1±7.1µg/kg) and naphthalene (114.1±5.0 µg/kg) , whereas the lowest concentrations were those of Benzo(a)pyrene (not detected), Benzo(k)fluoranthene (not detected), Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (not detected), Benzo(b)fluoranthene (not detected) and Benzo(g,h,i)perylene (not detected). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to evaluate the correlation between the type and amount of 16 PAHs with vegetables and fruits samples. The results of Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) revealed that the mean of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) in vegetables and fruits is 5.2E-05 and 7.7E-05 higher than the acceptable risk level (10-6). Finally, the highest ILCR in fruits and vegetables was related to cucumber (5.1E-04) and tomato (4.3E-04), respectively. Therefore, monitoring the PAHs concentrations in both groups of vegetables and fruits is necessary.

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confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: The Analysis and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contamination in Vegetables and Fruits Samples Marketed Tehran With Chemometric Approach

Khalili

Shariatifar

Dehghani

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, the maximum mean of BaP in all fat status was below the standard limits of the EU. These compounds may be higher at the date of expiration for several reasons such as binding of these compounds together, turning from other substances to these compounds, and freeing them from containers (2020), but in general, the difference between production time and expiration time was not significant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…People can be exposed to PAHs through three main routes including respiratory, skin, and foods (Chung et al, 2010;Cirillo et al, 2004;Shariatifar et al, 2020), and they were reported to be accumulated in various types of food matrices including dairy products (milk, yogurt, butter), etc. (Chung et al, 2010;Cirillo et al, 2004;Shariatifar et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and probabilistic health risk assessment in yogurt and butter in Iran

Kiani

Ahmadloo

Moazzen

et al. 2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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This study was conducted to determine the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels and health risk of yogurt and butter samples collected from Tehran using MSPE/GC‐MS (magnetic solid‐phase extraction/gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry). The results revealed that the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were ranged from 0.040 to 0.060 and 0.121 to 0.181 μg/kg, respectively; with recoveries ranged from 86.1% to 100.3%. The highest mean of total PAHs was higher in butter (6.87 ± 1.21 μg/kg) than in yogurt (3.82 ± 0.54 μg/kg). The level of benzo (a)pyrene in all samples was lower than of standard levels of the European Union (EU). The highest value of all PAHs in samples was recorded in the winter season and also in the expiration date. The percentile 95% of the total hazard quotient (THQ) due to the consumption of yogurt and butter recorded 1.33E‐02 and 3.69E‐04 in adults and 6.12E‐02 and 1.75E‐03 in children, respectively. The percentile of 95% incremental lifetime of cancer risk (ILCR) due to the ingestion of yogurt and butter recorded 1.17E‐06 and 2.02E‐08 for adults and 5.51E‐06 and 9.46E‐08 for children, respectively. The rank order of 7 PAHs in adult and children based on P95% Hazard Quotient (HQ) in all samples was benzo(a)anthracene (BaA) > pyrene (P) > fluorene (F) > fluoranthene (Fl) > acenaphthylene (Ace) > anthracene (A) > naphthalene (NA). According to the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method, health‐risk assessment showed that children and adults are not at significant health risk.

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“…As dairy products are one of the most important foods, increasing attention has been paid to PAH pollution around the world. [ 7–12 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constant‐wavelength synchronous fluorescence spectrometry for simultaneous and rapid determination of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon residues in dairy products

et al. 2020

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A new method for simultaneously determining five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (fluorene, benzofluorene, pyrene, benzo(a)pyrene, and perylene) in dairy products using constant‐wavelength synchronous fluorescence spectrometry (CWSFS) was established in this study. Acetonitrile was chosen as the extraction solvent to extract the five PAHs from the dairy products, and an ultrasound extraction method was adopted. The supernatants were filtered using a 0.45‐μm microporous filter membrane and concentrated to dryness with a nitrogen dryer. The extracts were then re‐dissolved in cyclohexane for analysis. To overcome interference from the background matrix and between PAHs, the difference in wavelength (Δλ) at 40 nm was chosen for CWSFS scanning. With only one single scan, the five PAHs in dairy products could be distinguished and determined using the standard curve method without the need for previous chromatographic separation of the analyte solution. Detection limits of fluorene, benzofluorene, pyrene, benzo(a)pyrene, and perylene were 0.0051 μg·L−1, 0.016 μg·L−1, 0.021 μg·L−1, 0.0056 μg·L−1, and 0.0062 μg·L−1, respectively. Recoveries were between 85.60% and 98.42%. These five PAHs in dairy products were determined with good results and therefore expected to be a routine detection method for PAHs in dairy products.

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Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk and milk powder samples and their likely risk assessment in Iranian population

Cited by 50 publications

References 57 publications

WITHDRAWN: The Analysis and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contamination in Vegetables and Fruits Samples Marketed Tehran With Chemometric Approach

WITHDRAWN: The Analysis and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contamination in Vegetables and Fruits Samples Marketed Tehran With Chemometric Approach

Monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and probabilistic health risk assessment in yogurt and butter in Iran

Constant‐wavelength synchronous fluorescence spectrometry for simultaneous and rapid determination of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon residues in dairy products

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