Levels of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes in Relation to the Healthy Comparators and to the Method of Insulin Therapy Used

Czenczek‐Lewandowska, Ewelina; Leszczak, Justyna; Baran, Joanna; Weres, Aneta; Lewandowski, Bogumił; Dąbrowski, Mariusz; Mazur, Artur

doi:10.3390/ijerph16183498

Cited by 36 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…There are currently no other cross-sectional data comparing lockdown PA levels between adolescents with T1D and healthy controls. Pre-pandemic data, however, indicates that adolescents with T1D tend to be less active than their peers [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], and studies of individuals with T1D during lockdown without a control group indicate that their PA levels were lower than usual [ 34 , 35 , 36 ]. While it was encouraging to find that those with T1D exercised at a similar level to their peers without diabetes during the lockdown period in our study, the average PAQ score of 2.36 for all participants was well below the estimated cut-off of 2.75 for meeting minimum recommended levels of MVPA [ 31 ], with approximately two-thirds failing to meet this threshold.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, comparative data is not available for young people with T1D in NZ. A number of studies worldwide have found that young people with T1D are typically less active and spend more time engaging in sedentary behaviours than their peers without the disease [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Furthermore, the majority of adolescents in the general population do not achieve the recommended levels of PA. An estimated 81% of students aged 11–17 years worldwide are insufficiently physically active [ 17 ], and in NZ, only 7% of young people aged 5–17 reported achieving PA guidelines in a nationwide survey [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical Activity in Adolescents with and without Type 1 Diabetes during the New Zealand COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown of 2020

Telford

Signal

Hofman

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Physical activity (PA) is an important part of lifestyle management for adolescents with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Opportunities for PA were reduced by COVID-19 restrictions. Therefore, the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to compare PA among adolescents with and without T1D during the first New Zealand (NZ) COVID-19 lockdown. PA levels of adolescents aged 11–18 years with T1D (n = 33) and healthy controls (n = 34) were assessed through self-reported and parent proxy-reported questionnaires. Overall, PA levels during lockdown were below recommended levels. PA levels did not differ between T1D and control participants (p = 0.212) nor between genders (p = 0.149). Younger adolescents tended to be more active than older adolescents (p = 0.079). PA level was negatively associated with BMI z-score (r = −0.29, p = 0.026) but was not associated with socioeconomic status (SES) or T1D-related parameters. In the T1D group, higher HbA1c was associated with lower school decile (r = −0.58, p < 0.001) and higher BMI z-score (r = 0.68, p < 0.001). Overall, young people were insufficiently active during lockdown, and some sub-groups were more affected than others by the restrictions. Pandemics are likely to be part of our future, and further studies are needed to understand their impact on the health and wellbeing of adolescents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity in Adolescents with and without Type 1 Diabetes during the New Zealand COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown of 2020

Telford

Signal

Hofman

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…It has also been noted that children with T1D also spend less time in physical activity than healthy individuals 15,16 . They fear experiencing hypoglycemia during and after exercise, given the negative effects of the condition 15,17,18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been noted that children with T1D also spend less time in physical activity than healthy individuals. 15,16 They fear experiencing hypoglycemia during and after exercise, given the negative effects of the condition. 15,17,18 It has been reported that presenting the benefits of physical activity to children with T1D will help lessen their fears.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 12 weeks of recreational football (soccer) with caloric control on glycemia and cardiovascular health of adolescent boys with type 1 diabetes

Mohammed

Takken

2021

Pediatr Diabetes

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Objective: To determine the effects of recreational football combined with caloric control on glycemia and cardiovascular health of adolescent boys with type 1 diabetes.Background: Though 12 weeks of physical activity alone improves the health of people with type 1 diabetes, there is little evidence that physical activity alone can improve glycemia in 12 weeks.Research Design and Methods: The participants were divided into four groups as follows: football with diet, football-only, diet-only, and the control groups. Each group consisted of 10 participants. The football with diet and the football-only groups had 1.5 h of football twice a week for 12 weeks. The following outcomes were measured before and after 12 weeks: Glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and resting blood pressures. Changes were considered significant when p ≤ 0.050 and common language effect size ≤42% or common language effect size ≥58%.Results: Glycated hemoglobin decreased in the football with diet group (mean change (standard deviation) = −0.9 (1.0) %, p = 0.019, and common language effect size = 31.5%) and was different from the control group (p = 2.4 × 10 −4 and common language effect size = 95.5%.). However, none of the intervention groups showed a clear change in blood lipids nor blood pressure.Conclusions: 12 weeks of combined football with diet intervention provides the greatest improvement in glycemia in adolescent boys with type 1 diabetes. K E Y W O R D Scalorie control, cardiovascular health, football (soccer), glycemia, type 1 diabetes mellitus | INTRODUCTIONDiabetes mellitus is a disease caused by improper control of glucose levels in the body 1 and can lead to several complications such as coronary artery disease and damage of the nerves, eyes, and kidneys. 2 Currently, there are about 1,110,100 children in the world with type 1 diabetes (T1D) 2 and there is no viable cure for T1D apart from pancreas transplantation or islet cell transplantation. 1 Thus, children with T1D are prescribed other ways to manage their disease. The recommended way of managing T1D is through the use of insulin, diet monitoring, and physical activity. 3 Regarding physical activity, children with T1D and healthy children are recommended to perform at least 60 min of physical activity every day. They are also recommended to perform highintensity aerobic activity and activities that make bones and muscles stronger at least 3 days a week. [3][4][5]

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“…The minimum size of the sample was calculated taking into account the number of children with intellectual disability attending the special educational facility in the Podkarpackie Region, Poland, annually. A fraction size of 0.9 was used, with a maximum error of 5% [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ], a sample size of 58 children was obtained. The study involved 60 children.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dog-Assisted Therapy on Psychomotor Development of Children with Intellectual Disability

et al. 2020

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Background: Although dog-assisted therapy (DAT) has been used for years, there is still a scarcity of research findings confirming efficacy of the method. The current study was designed to assess effects of DAT on psychomotor development of children with mild intellectual disabilities. Material and method: The study involved 60 children with mild intellectual disabilities, aged 10–13 years, divided into a group participating in a 10-month DAT program, and the control group. Four tests were applied, i.e., finger identification, postural imitation, kinaesthesia, and Bourdon-Wiersma Dot Cancellation Test. The examinations were carried out before the start and at the end of the DAT, and at a two-month follow-up. Results: The results obtained by the DAT group in all the four tests, at all the three timepoints, were not the same (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found in the measurement at the end of the therapy between the DAT group and the controls. On the other hand, the DAT group achieved significantly better scores (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001), compared to the control, in the follow-up measurements two months after the end of the therapy in postural imitation and finger identification tests. Conclusions: Some of the scores achieved by the children in the DAT group improved in the measurements performed over time. Two months after the therapy ended, the children in the DAT group presented greater gains in motor planning (postural imitation test) and in the sense of touch, attention, and concentration (finger identification test), compared to the control group. Although the measurement performed immediately after the therapy did not show significant differences between the DAT group and the controls, the examination carried out at the two-month follow-up identified long-term gains in the treatment group in the domain of motor planning (postural imitation test).

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Levels of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes in Relation to the Healthy Comparators and to the Method of Insulin Therapy Used

Cited by 36 publications

References 42 publications

Physical Activity in Adolescents with and without Type 1 Diabetes during the New Zealand COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown of 2020

Physical Activity in Adolescents with and without Type 1 Diabetes during the New Zealand COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown of 2020

Effects of 12 weeks of recreational football (soccer) with caloric control on glycemia and cardiovascular health of adolescent boys with type 1 diabetes

Effect of Dog-Assisted Therapy on Psychomotor Development of Children with Intellectual Disability

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