Levels of physical activity among a nationally representative sample of people in early old age: results of objective and self-reported assessments

Golubić, Rajna; Martin, Kathryn; Ekelund, Ulf; Hardy, Rebecca; Kuh, Diana; Wareham, Nicholas J.; Cooper, Rachel; Brage, Sören

doi:10.1186/1479-5868-11-58

Cited by 59 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Likewise, our results support other findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey showing independent associations between higher sedentary time and more adverse levels of cardiometabolic biomarkers,41 and findings in older women of associations between both LPA and MVPA and lower CRP 42. Our findings are important as they show that greater time spent in LPA in early old age, which makes up much of the time spent in PA by older adults,43 is associated with a better CVD biomarker profile. It also highlights marked sex differences, with associations being stronger in women and driven largely by sex differences in body composition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Cardiovascular Disease Biomarkers at Age 60 to 64 Years

Elhakeem

Cooper

Whincup

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundWe examined associations of objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary time with cardiovascular disease biomarkers at age 60 to 64 years. This included investigation of sex differences and the extent to which associations may be mediated by adiposity.Methods and ResultsParticipants were 795 men and 827 women aged 60 to 64 years from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development. Combined heart rate and movement sensors worn for 5 consecutive days were used to derive overall PA energy expenditure, kJ/kg per day) and time spent sedentary (<1.5 metabolic equivalent of tasks), in light PA (1.5–3 metabolic equivalent of tasks) and moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity PA (>3 metabolic equivalent of tasks). Linear regression models were used to relate each PA parameter to inflammatory (C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6), endothelial (tissue‐plasminogen activator, E‐selectin) and adipokine (leptin, adiponectin) markers extracted from fasting blood samples. Greater time in light PA and moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity PA and less sedentary time were associated with more favorable biomarker levels. For C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6, and leptin, these differences were greater among women than men. For example, % differences (95% confidence intervals) in leptin for men and women per SD increases in sedentary time: 7.9 (2.7, 13.0) and 20.6 (15.3, 25.8); moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity PA: −3.8 (−8.9, 12.7) and −17.7 (−23.1, −12.4), moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity PA: −12.9 (−17.9, −8.0) and −18.3 (−23.4, −13.1). Fat mass mediated a greater proportion of these associations in women than men.ConclusionsGreater light PA and moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity PA and less sedentary time in early old age were associated with more favorable cardiovascular biomarker profiles. Fat mass partially mediated these associations but more strongly in women than men, which explained sex differences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Cardiovascular Disease Biomarkers at Age 60 to 64 Years

Elhakeem

Cooper

Whincup

et al. 2018

JAHA

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“…MVPA was even lower among women versus men and among those aged 65+ versus < 65 years. Lower rates of MVPA in older populations and women are consistent with findings from various countries where midlife and older adults accumulate 4–41 min of MVPA per day [30, 57–59]. Among a large sample of white and black adults (ages 49–99 years) living in the U.S. white and black women accumulated merely 3–4 min/day of MVPA [59].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

One size doesn’t fit all: cross-sectional associations between neighborhood walkability, crime and physical activity depends on age and sex of residents

et al. 2017

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BackgroundLow-income African American adults are disproportionately affected by obesity and are also least likely to engage in recommended levels of physical activity (Flegal et al. JAMA 303(3):235-41, 2010; Tucker et al. Am J Prev Med 40(4):454-61, 2011). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is an important factor for weight management and control, as well as for reducing disease risk (Andersen et al. Lancet 368(9532):299-304, 2006; Boreham and Riddoch J Sports Sci 19(12):915-29, 2001; Carson et al. PLoS One 8(8):e71417, 2013). While neighborhood greenspace and walkability have been associated with increased MVPA, evidence also suggests that living in areas with high rates of crime limits MVPA. Few studies have examined to what extent the confluence of neighborhood greenspace, walkability and crime might impact MVPA in low-income African American adults nor how associations may vary by age and sex.MethodsIn 2013 we collected self-reported data on demographics, functional limitations, objective measures of MVPA (accelerometry), neighborhood greenspace (geographic information system), and walkability (street audit) in 791 predominantly African-American adults (mean age 56 years) living in two United States (U.S.) low-income neighborhoods. We also acquired data from the City of Pittsburgh on all crime events within both neighborhoods. Exposure: To examine cross-sectional associations of neighborhood-related variables (i.e., neighborhood greenspace, walkability and crime) with MVPA, we used zero-inflated negative binomial regression models. Additionally, we examined potential interactions by age (over 65 years) and sex on relationships between neighborhood variables and MVPA.ResultsOverall, residents engaged in very little to no MVPA regardless of where they lived. However, for women, but not men, under the age of 65 years, living in more walkable neighborhoods was associated with more time engaged in MVPA in (β = 0.55, p = 0.007) as compared to their counterparts living in less walkable areas. Women and men age 65 years and over spent very little time participating in MVPA regardless of neighborhood walkability. Neither greenspace nor crime was associated with MVPA in age-sex subgroups.ConclusionsNeighborhood walkability may play a stronger role on MVPA than accessible greenspace or crime in low-income urban communities. Walkability may differentially impact residents depending on their age and sex, which suggests tailoring public health policy design and implementation according to neighborhood demographics to improve activity for all.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3959-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In addition, older adults are more likely to engage in light intensity activities that are challenging to accurately capture via self-report. 7 To help avoid misclassification and other difficulties, objective measures of PA can be employed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerometer measured sedentary behavior and physical activity in white and black adults: The REGARDS study

Hooker

Hutto

Zhu

et al. 2016

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

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Objectives Health disparities between subgroups may be partially due to differences in lifestyle behaviors such as sedentariness and physical activity (PA). To obtain a more accurate description of these two lifestyle behaviors, accelerometry was employed among a large sample of white and black adults (ages 49-99 years) living in the United States. Design Cross-sectional. Methods 7,967 participants from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke cohort wore an Actical™ accelerometer ≥10 hours/day for ≥4 days. Time (mean minutes/day and proportion of total wear time) spent in sedentary behavior, light intensity PA (LIPA), and moderate-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) were compared by sex, age, body mass index (BMI), race, and geographic location. Results Proportion of total wear time spent in sedentary behavior was 75-90%, LIPA was 10-23%, and MVPA was 0-1.7% across subgroups. Mean MVPA was 0-16 min/day and associated with 3-12% accumulating ≥150 min/wk using a 10-minute bout criterion. Persons ≥85 years, those classified obese, persons living in the southeastern United States, and black women were the most inactive. The proportion achieving at least one 10-minute bout of MVPA per week was only 36%. The number of 10-minute bouts/week was 1.5 ± 0.08 bouts/week. The distribution of weekly MVPA was similar across nearly all subgroups with a distinct reverse J-shaped configuration. Conclusions The vast majority of white and black midlife and older adults in this study engaged sparingly in MVPA, accumulated tremendous amounts of sedentary behavior, and seldom engaged in continuous bouts of health-enhancing PA.

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Levels of physical activity among a nationally representative sample of people in early old age: results of objective and self-reported assessments

Cited by 59 publications

References 57 publications

Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Cardiovascular Disease Biomarkers at Age 60 to 64 Years

Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Cardiovascular Disease Biomarkers at Age 60 to 64 Years

One size doesn’t fit all: cross-sectional associations between neighborhood walkability, crime and physical activity depends on age and sex of residents

Accelerometer measured sedentary behavior and physical activity in white and black adults: The REGARDS study

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