Levels of Minor and Trace Elements of Some Commercial Fruit Juices and Syrup Produced in Artisanal and Semi-Industrial Units in Benin Republic

Abstract

Fruit juices have been gaining interest in recent years for their contributions of minerals and other essential vitamins. But, with the development of intensive agriculture massively using pesticides and mineral fertilizers, the risk of contamination of these juices is high along the production chain. In this study, we evaluated the concentrations of arsenic       (As), cadmium (Cd), berrylium (Be), aluminium (Al), strontium (Sr), tin       (Sn), barium (Ba), mercury (Hg), thallium          (Tl), lead   (Pb), thorium (Th), uranium (U) for 92 commercial samples of pineapple juice, cocktail of pineapple and watermelon and pineapple syrup of Benin and France using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Source Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentrations vary in the following ranges: As <QL at 39.3 ppb, Cd <QL at 0.7 ppb, Be <QL at 0.59 ppb, Al 26.4 ppb at 30620 ppb, Sr 130 ppb at 4049 ppb, Sn<QL at 43 ppb, Ba 42 ppb at 1582 ppb, Hg <QL at 31.7 ppb, Tl<QL at 21.3 ppb, Pb<QL at 608 ppb, Th<QL at 24.7 ppb ppb and U <QL at 1.04 ppb. Se, Ag and Pt have concentrations below the quantification limit (<QL). The levels of Ba, Hg and Pb exceeded the norms for some samples. The presence of aluminum, arsenic and cadmium in the tested samples of fruit juices can be toxic since they have no nutritional value, and hence may be treated as potential contaminants in these beverages. The classification of concentration levels of metallic contaminants reveals two main groups, the minor and the trace elements. These results make it possible to classify the contaminants in the decreasing order of the concentrations in the following way: Al> Sr> Ba> Pb> Sn> Tl> As> Th> Hg> Cd> Be> U. The average concentrations’ levels of trace elements are generally in accordance with the levels obtained for French pineapple juices chosen as reference, national and international standards for the quality of beverages.

Distribution of 26 Metals in the Waters of the Aquatic Ecosystems of the Cotonou Channel and Lake Nokoué, Benin

“…In order to deepen a better understanding of the high levels of metallic contaminants observed in certain areas during previous studies (Youssao et al 2011a and b) [5] [7], we have brought closer points, particularly in the middle of Lake Nokoué (ML 1 to 4) and in the Dantokpa market area (DAN 1 and 2; GBo 1 and 2) on the Cotonou channel. The water samples were taken from the surface after rinsing with medium water and stored properly (Youssao et al, 2018) [8]. Water samples were extracted by hot acid digestion [8] [9] [10].…”

“…The water samples were taken from the surface after rinsing with medium water and stored properly (Youssao et al, 2018) [8]. Water samples were extracted by hot acid digestion [8] [9] [10]. To do this, 2 ml of ultra-pure HNO 3 and 1 ml of hydrogen peroxide were added to 2 ml of juice samples in a Teflon container, closed loosely to let the vapors escape.…”