Levels of explanation – symptoms, neuropsychological deficit and morphological abnormalities in schizophrenia

Mortimer, Ann; McKenna, Peter

doi:10.1017/s0033291700027690

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The same issue has been addressed with respect to schizophrenia, where it has been pointed out that integrations across levels first require a thorough appreciation and understanding of the abnormalities found at each level (Frith, 1992;Mortimer & McKenna, 1994). The objective of this review is to consider the findings and concepts in relation to autism as they apply to each level, noting the questions raised by the research findings, going on to consider possible ways forward in the search for an integration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, although undoubtedly there is a great need to integrate empirical findings from the different levels of research (Oades & Eggers, 1994), the attempted integration needs to be undertaken with an awareness of the range of causal models that must be considered. The same issue has been addressed with respect to schizophrenia, where it has been pointed out that integrations across levels first require a thorough appreciation and understanding of the abnormalities found at each level (Frith, 1992;Mortimer & McKenna, 1994). The objective of this review is to consider the findings and concepts in relation to autism as they apply to each level, noting the questions raised by the research findings, going on to consider possible ways forward in the search for an integration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Autism: Towards an Integration of Clinical, Genetic, Neuropsychological, and Neurobiological Perspectives

Bailey

Phillips

Rutter

1996

Child Psychology Psychiatry

680

359

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Autism constitutes one of the best validated child psychiatric disorders. Empirical research has succeeded in delineating the key clinical phenomena, in demonstrating strong genetic influences on the underlying liability, and in identifying basic cognitive deficits. A range of neurobiological abnormalities has also been found, although the replicability of specific findings has not been high. An understanding of the causal processes leading to autism, and accounting for the marked variability in its manifestations, requires an integration across these different levels of enquiry. Although this is not yet possible, a partial integration provides a useful strategy for identifying key research questions, the limitations of existing hypotheses, and future research directions that are likely to prove fruitful. The research findings for each research level are critically reviewed in order to consider how to move towards an integration across levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism: Towards an Integration of Clinical, Genetic, Neuropsychological, and Neurobiological Perspectives

Bailey

Phillips

Rutter

1996

Child Psychology Psychiatry

680

359

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A limitation of the present study is the small number of subjects due to the low prevalence of the disorders in pediatric populations. Our findings show that language disorder are directly related with thought disorders 19,24,25,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34] with the relationship semantic and inter hemispheric frontal lobe. This is important since cognitive features of these disorders, such as language and thought abnormalities, should become an important guide to new classifications about the cognitive dysfunction to understand the relation between functional capacities of these illnesses 35 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Thought and language disorders in very early onset schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder

Pantano¹,

Fu²,

Curatolo³

et al. 2016

Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (São Paulo)

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Background: Thought and language disorders are main features of adults with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders however studies on such abnormalities are scant in young patients with very early onset psychosis (VEOS). The aim of the present study is to assess the relationship between language and thought disorders in patients with very early onset schizophrenia (SCZ), schizoaffective disorders (SCA) and bipolar disorders (BD). Method: Forty-one patients (18 SCZ, 16 BD, and 7 SCA) with mean age less than 15 years old were assessed through a series of neurocognitive and psycholinguistic tests, including the Thought, Language and Communication Scale (TLC). Results: SCZ group performed worse in all tests as well as the TLC, followed by SCA and BD groups respectively. Thought disorders were related to deficits in executive functioning and semantic processing, and the metaphors' test was the best predictor of TLC functioning. Discussion: TD in SCZ, SCA and BD are one of the most important features in patients with VEOS and that the evaluation of metaphor comprehension can be an important instrument in the early detection of this disorder.

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“…Also, a social level might be of importance, as it defines the interpersonal aspects and cultural contexts of an alteration. However, for exploring the overall patterning of psychological functioning during ASCs, the self-mapping procedure does not need all available levels of description; thus, we may initially choose only the neural, cognitive, and phenomenal level (see also Mortimer and McKenna 1994).…”

Section: Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hallucinatory altered states of consciousness

Móró

2010

Phenom Cogn Sci

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Altered states of consciousness (ASC), especially hallucinatory ones, are philosophically and scientifically interesting modes of operation of the mind-brain complex. However, classical definitions of ASC seem to capture only a few common characteristics of traditionally regarded phenomena, thus lacking exact classification criteria for assessing altered and baseline states. The current situation leads to a priority problem between phenomena-based definitions and definition-based phenomena selection. In order to solve the problem, this paper introduces a self-mapping procedure that is based on a three-part analysis on certain aspects of hallucinatory altered consciousness. Starting with commonalities found in current definitions of ASC, issues with self-evaluation, sources of data, and baseline comparison are analyzed first. Next, the concept of alterations is examined with respect to temporal dynamics, change mechanisms, and mental subsystems. Finally, hallucinatory phenomena are discussed regarding various definitions, the relationship between "external" and "internal," and the "trueness" issue of hallucinations. Conclusive to the analysis above, a technically based working definition of ASC and a stepwise operationalization procedure are also proposed.

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Levels of explanation – symptoms, neuropsychological deficit and morphological abnormalities in schizophrenia

Cited by 25 publications

References 43 publications

Autism: Towards an Integration of Clinical, Genetic, Neuropsychological, and Neurobiological Perspectives

Autism: Towards an Integration of Clinical, Genetic, Neuropsychological, and Neurobiological Perspectives

Thought and language disorders in very early onset schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder

Hallucinatory altered states of consciousness

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