Levels of Ethylene Oxide Biomarker in an Exposed Residential Community

Szwiec, Emily; Friedman, Lee S.; Buchanan, Susan

doi:10.3390/ijerph17228646

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…EO is a widely used industrial chemical for manufacturing various daily products such as antifreeze, polyester, detergents, adhesives, textiles, solvents, and pesticides. Exposure to EO in the general population may be through application of sterilized medical equipment ( 2 ), fumigation of food and cosmetics ( 3 ), and inhalation of contaminated air, tobacco smoke, and/or vehicle exhaust ( 4 , 5 ). Exposure to EO raises various health issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse association between blood ethylene oxide levels and obesity in the general population: NHANES 2013–2016

Cheang

Zhu

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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BackgroundEthylene oxide (EO) has been shown to associate with increased cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to explore the relationship and its meditating factors between EO exposure and the major cardiovascular risk factor of obesity among the general adult population.MethodsCross-sectional data of 3,220 participants from National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2016 were enrolled. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2, and abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference (WC) ≥102 cm in men and ≥88 cm in women. The association among hemoglobin adduct of EO (HbEO), inflammatory biomarkers, and obesity was evaluated using restricted cubic splines and the multivariable linear regression model. Mediation analysis was used to further assess their association.ResultsThe increased quartiles of HbEO were inversely associated with BMI and WC [Q1 vs. Q4, BMI: β = −2.98 (−3.74, −2.22), WC: β = −6.50 (−8.60, −4.39); all p for trend < 0.05], and were inversely associated with obesity after full adjustment [obesity: OR = 0.43 (0.31, 0.58), abdominal obesity: OR = 0.42 (0.27, 0.65); all p for trend < 0.05]. The levels of alkaline phosphatase, white blood cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils were also positively associated with BMI and WC (all p < 0.05). Mediation analysis showed that exposure of EO not only had a negative direct effect on BMI and WC, but also generated an inverse indirect effect.ConclusionsCurrent findings showed an inverse association between HbEO and obesity, and suggested that systemic inflammation may not be their only mediator. Additional research is required to explore the underlying link of EO and system metabolism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse association between blood ethylene oxide levels and obesity in the general population: NHANES 2013–2016

Cheang

Zhu

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…The estimated peak 24 h exposure to EO caused in neighbourhoods close to a sterilisation facility in Michigan was assessed to be 1.83 µg/m 3 above the background level (Olaguer et al 2019 ), which in the United States is reported to vary between 0.18 and 0.4 µg/m 3 (0.1–0.22 ppb) (US-EPA 2020 ). In another report, residents living close to two EO emitting facilities in Illinois showed overall geometric Hb N -(2-hydroxyethyl)-valine adduct levels of 35.0 pmol/g Hb (29.7 pmol/g Hb for non-smokers) (Szwiec et al 2020 ), compared to an average (endogenous) background (Törnqvist et al 1989 ) of 20 pmol/g Hb reported earlier (Törnqvist et al 1989 ). Thus, occupational and environmental exogenous exposures to EO must be considered (Filser and Klein 2018 ).…”

Section: Process-related Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 91%

The role of endogenous versus exogenous sources in the exposome of putative genotoxins and consequences for risk assessment

et al. 2022

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The “totality” of the human exposure is conceived to encompass life-associated endogenous and exogenous aggregate exposures. Process-related contaminants (PRCs) are not only formed in foods by heat processing, but also occur endogenously in the organism as physiological components of energy metabolism, potentially also generated by the human microbiome. To arrive at a comprehensive risk assessment, it is necessary to understand the contribution of in vivo background occurrence as compared to the ingestion from exogenous sources. Hence, this review provides an overview of the knowledge on the contribution of endogenous exposure to the overall exposure to putative genotoxic food contaminants, namely ethanol, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, acrylamide, acrolein, α,β-unsaturated alkenals, glycation compounds, N-nitroso compounds, ethylene oxide, furans, 2- and 3-MCPD, and glycidyl esters. The evidence discussed herein allows to conclude that endogenous formation of some contaminants appears to contribute substantially to the exposome. This is of critical importance for risk assessment in the cases where endogenous exposure is suspected to outweigh the exogenous one (e.g. formaldehyde and acrolein).

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“…Ethylene oxide (EtO) gas is a toxic industrial chemical that is widely used to sterilize medical equipment and to manufacture plastics, textiles, and antifreeze (U.S. EPA, 2022). While the extant literature has largely focused on adverse health effects resulting from occupational and hospital exposure, emerging evidence suggests that community members who live near EtO‐emitting facilities also show serious health outcomes (IDPH, 2019; Szwiec et al., 2020; U.S. EPA, 2023). Given the large number of EtO‐emitting facilities in the United States located in densely populated areas, understanding the comprehensive health risks associated with EtO exposure represents an urgent public health priority.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative literature review: Ethylene oxide exposure signs and symptoms

O'Kelley,

Swanson,

Bishop‐Royse

2023

Public Health Nursing

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BackgroundAlthough ethylene oxide (EtO) gas is designated as a human carcinogen, extant literature reports mixed findings on the health effects of exposure. The disparate findings may reflect industry bias as many studies were funded by a large chemical industry lobby.ObjectiveTo conduct an integrative review of studies free from industry bias to facilitate compilation of a comprehensive list of reported signs and symptoms of EtO exposure.MethodsWe reviewed 1887 papers of which 42 articles met inclusion criteria. The authors conducted this review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The presence of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists.ResultsNon‐industry biased literature confirmed serious adverse health effects associated with EtO exposure at the occupational, hospital, and community level. EtO represents a carcinogen, neurotoxin, and respiratory irritant.ConclusionAfter removal of industry‐biased studies, EtO was unequivocally found to pose a threat to human health. There remains a gap in the number of studies examining community‐level exposure, which is essential to understanding the impact of EtO. Given that EtO‐emitting facilities are concentrated in diverse and disadvantaged communities, further study of EtO exposure health effects is warranted to inform public policy on toxic air emissions.

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Levels of Ethylene Oxide Biomarker in an Exposed Residential Community

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Inverse association between blood ethylene oxide levels and obesity in the general population: NHANES 2013–2016

Inverse association between blood ethylene oxide levels and obesity in the general population: NHANES 2013–2016

The role of endogenous versus exogenous sources in the exposome of putative genotoxins and consequences for risk assessment

Integrative literature review: Ethylene oxide exposure signs and symptoms

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