Levels of Electrolytes, Troponin and association of O2 saturation with D–Dimer and Ferritin in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Abstract

A cluster of atypical pneumonia cases were reported in Wuhan china at the end of 2019. The disease was subsequently named covid-19. Later on it spread across the globe and WHO declared it as greatest pandemic of 21st century. Previous studies show that majority of the patients have hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hypochloremia. Recent study also suggests that the value of D-Dimer, ferritin and troponin I increasewhile O2 saturation drops in covid-19 patients.A cross sectional observational study was carried out in Peshawar Pakistan. A total of 195 patients above 18 years of age, confirmed through real time PCR were studied. Most of the patients have normal levels of electrolytes (Reference range of sodium 135-150mmol/L, potassium 3.5-5.1mmol/L, chloride 96-112mmol/L)while the patients with abnormal levels includedhyponatremic patients (having sodium level less than 135mmol/L), hyperkalemic patients (having potassium level higher than 5.1mmol/L) and hypochloremic patients (having chloride level less than 96mmol/L). The abnormal level of electrolytes is due to renal abnormalities. An association of O2 saturation exists with ferritin and D-Dimer. The level ofTroponin I raisestwofold in COVID-19 patients, which is an important circulatory biomarker associated with myocardial injury. Key words: COVID-19, Electrolyte imbalance, O2 saturation, Troponin I, D-Dimer

The relationship of D-Dimer level with various diseases

“…The abnormal level of electrolytes is due to renal abnormalities. An association of O2 saturation exists with ferritin and D-Dimer [1]. There was no publication bias.…”

“…556 Patients' cases were collected from private and governmental laboratories, isolation and health care centers in the Derna, Al-Qubba City, and its surrounding areas. The study was applied in the spatial boundaries on the scale and its suburbs, and it was in the temporal boundaries from January 2020 to July 2022 It is apparent from the results, In table (1) It is noticeable that show the Frequency & Percent of the Gender, 278 (50%) for male, 278 (50%) for female. In Table (2) It can be seen that the Frequency and Percent of Chronic Diseases, the highest percent for Pneumonia 121 (21.8%), followed by Blood Pressure 77 (13.8 %), Diabetes Miletus 51 (9.2%), and other diseases 71 (12.8%).…”

“…In Table (2) It can be seen that the Frequency and Percent of Chronic Diseases, the highest percent for Pneumonia 121 (21.8%), followed by Blood Pressure 77 (13.8 %), Diabetes Miletus 51 (9.2%), and other diseases 71 (12.8%). Figure (1) illustrates the Frequency and Percent of Chronic Diseases, the highest percentage for Pneumonia 121 (21.8%), followed by Blood Pressure 77 (13.8 %), Diabetes Miletus 51 (9.2%), and for other diseases 71 (12.8%). Table (3) illustrates the Frequency and Percent of the Type of infection or others, the highest percent for Viral Infection 498 (89.6%), followed by Surgery 23 (4.1%), Deep Vein Thrombosis 18 (3.2%), and Respiratory Diseases 17 (3.1%).…”

“…Figure(1) illustrates the Frequency and Percent of Chronic Diseases, the highest percent for Pneumonia 121 (21.8%), followed by Blood Pressure 77 (13.8 %), Diabetes Miletus 51 (9.2%), and for other diseases.…”