Levels of cytokines in the aqueous humor of eyes with primary open angle glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and cataract

Khalef, Nervana; Labib, Hany A.; Helmy, Hazem; Hamid, Mona Abd El; Moemen, Leqaa A.; Fahmy, Iman

doi:10.19082/3833

Cited by 37 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“… 10 , 11 , 18 However, in line with studies performed by others, 10 , 19 our results did not show any statistically significant difference in terms of AH Aβ 42 concentration between the glaucoma and control groups or with respect to other clinical parameters. Conversely, we found a significant increase of TP in the AH of glaucomatous patients, consistent with previous reports showing an increment of pro-inflammatory cytokine 20 – 23 and proteins related to the extracellular matrix remodeling 24 in the AH of subjects affected by glaucoma. Interestingly, our results indicate that this increase in TP was greater within the female group of glaucomatous patients, although the lower number of male patients could have biased these results (12 male vs. 20 female glaucomatous AH samples).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Evaluating the Correlation between Alzheimer's Amyloid-β Peptides and Glaucoma in Human Aqueous Humor

Cappelli

Caudano

Marenco

et al. 2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Citation: Cappelli F, Caudano F, Marenco M, Testa V, Masala A, Sindaco D, Macrì A, Traverso CE, Iester M, Ricciarelli R. Evaluating the correlation between Alzheimer's amyloid-β peptides and glaucoma in human aqueous humor. Trans Vis Sci Tech. 2020;9(5):21, https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.9.5.21Purpose: Recent studies suggest that glaucoma may share common pathogenic mechanisms with Alzheimer's disease. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the correlation between glaucoma and amyloid-β 42 (Aβ 42 ) concentration in human samples of aqueous humor (AH).Methods: Eighty-one candidates for cataract or glaucoma surgery were consecutively enrolled, with a median age of 77 years; of these, 32 subjects were affected by glaucoma and 49 were controls. Before surgery, each patient received an ophthalmological examination including biometry, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, fundus photography, and determination of the mean thickness of the ganglion cell complex (GCC) and/or retinal nerve fiber layer. During the surgical procedure, an AH sample was collected and immediately processed for total protein (TP) and Aβ 42 evaluation.Results: Aβ 42 levels were not statistically different between the glaucomatous and control samples, but a significant increase in TP concentration was found in the AH of glaucoma patients compared with controls (P = 0.02). In addition, positive correlations were observed between TP and Aβ 42 (r = 0.51; P < 0.0001), between TP and IOP (r = 0.44; P < 0.0001), and between Aβ 42 and IOP (r = 0.22; P = 0.033). Conclusions:Our results indicate that an increased protein concentration in the AH could play a role in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous disease.Translational Relevance: This study strongly supports the hypothesis that increased TP in the AH may have a pathogenic role in glaucoma. Further investigations are needed to clarify whether the protein enhancement represents a causative factor and whether it can be used as a marker of disease or as a novel therapeutic target.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Evaluating the Correlation between Alzheimer's Amyloid-β Peptides and Glaucoma in Human Aqueous Humor

Cappelli

Caudano

Marenco

et al. 2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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“…; Khalef et al. ; Kokubun et al. ) IL‐8 is a main chemoattractant for neutrophils which have been found to accumulate in the trabecular meshwork in POAG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Khalef et al. ) This discrepancy may have resulted from differences in laboratory techniques and specific patient groups. So far, to our knowledge, only sporadic studies are available on the effect of anti‐TNF medication in glaucoma, which shows an increase in fibrosis after surgical treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraocular cytokine profile and autoimmune reactions in retinitis pigmentosa, age‐related macular degeneration, glaucoma and cataract

Berge

Fazil

Born

et al. 2018

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Purpose To analyse intraocular cytokine levels and prevalence of intraocular antiretinal antibodies (ARAs) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma and cataract, and correlate the results to clinical manifestations. Methods We collected intraocular fluid samples from patients with RP (n = 25), AMD (n = 12), glaucoma (n = 28) and cataract (n = 22), and serum samples paired with the intraocular fluids from patients with RP (N = 7) and cataract (n = 10). Interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐1ra, IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐6rα, IL‐7, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐17A, IL‐23, thymus‐ and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), placental growth factor (PlGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured using a multiplex assay. Antiretinal antibodies (ARA) detection was performed by indirect immunofluorescence. Results Increasing age was associated with increasing levels of IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α and VEGF. All patient groups exhibited distinct profiles of intraocular cytokines. Intraocular levels of IL‐8 were highest in patients with AMD and glaucoma. Cataract patients exhibited high intraocular levels of IL‐23. Intraocular levels of IL‐2, IL‐6, MCP‐1 and PlGF in RP patients exceeded the levels of serum, indicating intraocular production. Intraocular ARAs were found in only one patient with AMD. Conclusion Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in intraocular fluid of patients with originally noninflammatory ocular diseases show that intraocular inflammation is involved in their pathogenesis of these entities. Moreover, we show that increasing age is associated with increasing levels of intraocular cytokines and conclude that future studies on intraocular mediators should be corrected for age of patients.

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“…The authors concluded that TGFβ-1, IL-8, and SAA have critical roles in IOP elevations in patients with POAG ( 20 ). Another group found the levels of IL-8, TGFβ-1, TNF-α, and SAA to be significantly increased in POAG and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG) patients compared with controls, while levels of IL-6 were significantly decreased in both glaucoma groups compared with controls ( 41 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplex Cytokine Analysis of Aqueous Humor in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Anterior Uveitis With or Without Secondary Glaucoma

et al. 2018

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Patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis often develop chronic anterior uveitis (JIAU). JIAU patients possess a particularly high risk for developing secondary glaucoma when inflammatory inactivity has been achieved. By using multiplex bead assay analysis, we assessed levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, or metalloproteinases in the aqueous humor (AH) of patients with clinically inactive JIAU with (JIAUwG) or without secondary glaucoma (JIAUwoG), or from patients with senile cataract as controls. Laser-flare photometry analysis prior to surgery showed no significant differences between JIAUwG or JIAUwoG. Compared with the control group, levels of interleukin-8, matrix metalloproteinase-2, -3, -9, serum amyloid A (SAA), transforming growth factor beta-1, -2, -3 (TGFβ-1, -2, -3), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the AH were significantly higher in patients with clinically inactive JIAUwG or JIAUwoG. Samples from JIAwoG patients displayed significantly higher levels of SAA (P < 0.0116) than JIAUwG patients. JIAUwG patients showed an increased level of TGFβ-2 in AH samples compared with JIAUwoG (P < 0.0009). These molecules may contribute to the clinical development of glaucoma in patients with JIAU.

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Levels of cytokines in the aqueous humor of eyes with primary open angle glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and cataract

Cited by 37 publications

References 28 publications

Evaluating the Correlation between Alzheimer's Amyloid-β Peptides and Glaucoma in Human Aqueous Humor

Evaluating the Correlation between Alzheimer's Amyloid-β Peptides and Glaucoma in Human Aqueous Humor

Intraocular cytokine profile and autoimmune reactions in retinitis pigmentosa, age‐related macular degeneration, glaucoma and cataract

Multiplex Cytokine Analysis of Aqueous Humor in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Anterior Uveitis With or Without Secondary Glaucoma

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