Levels of Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines and Neurological Worsening in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Vila, Nicolás; Castillo, José; Dávalos, Antonio; Esteve, Anna; Planas, Anna M.; Chamorro, Ángel

doi:10.1161/01.str.0000057976.53301.69

Cited by 251 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…We and other researchers reported that ischemic insult and IL-10 administration augmented neurogenesis in the rodent brain. These effects of IL-10 were thought to contribute to infarct volume reduction and neurological improvement after experimental focal cerebral ischemia (19)(20)(21)(22). It also reported previously that in IL-10 knockout in rats for a MCAO could augment neurological deficits and increase infarction volume (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Expression of IL-10 and TNF-α in Rats with Cerebral Infarction after Transplantation with Mesenchymal Stem Cells

et al. 2009

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Expression of IL-10 and TNF-α in Rats with Cerebral Infarction after Transplantation with Mesenchymal Stem Cells

et al. 2009

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“…More in detail, IL-1RA and TGF-b are over expressed after ischemic stroke, 66,67 whereas circulating IL-10 have been found to be lower in patients than in controls 68 and have been associated with more extensive pathology. 69 Thus, it is well-established that cytokine network plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of damage-related inflammation in patients suffering from stroke.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The etiology of poststroke depression: a review of the literature and a new hypothesis involving inflammatory cytokines

et al. 2006

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Although poststroke depression is unlikely to represent a single disorder and numerous etiologies for different kinds of poststroke depression will likely emerge as the result of future research, we believe that a number of poststroke depressive disorders are likely to be the result of specific changes in brain pathology and neurophysiology. Nevertheless, there are relatively few hypotheses about the pathophysiology of poststroke depression. This paper, therefore, proposes a new hypothesis for poststroke depression involving increased production of proinflammatory cytokines resulting from brain ischemia in cerebral areas linked to the pathogenesis of mood disorders. This paper reviews the evidence supporting the hypothesis that proinflammatory cytokines are involved in the occurrence of stroke as well as mood disorders linked to the brain damage. The increased production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1b, TNF-a or IL-18 resulting from stroke may lead to an amplification of the inflammatory process, particularly in limbic areas, and widespread activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and subsequently to depletion of serotonin in paralimbic regions such as the ventral lateral frontal cortex, polar temporal cortex and basal ganglia. The resultant physiological dysfunction may lead to poststroke depression. Future investigations may explore this hypothesis through more extensive studies on the role of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1b, TNF-a or even IL-18, in patients with poststroke depression. Molecular Psychiatry (2006) 11, 984-991.

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“…In an other study of 113 patients with lacunar infarcts it is shown that there is an increase in IL-6 and TNF alfa levels and this increase is a marker ofworse prognosis [31]. In some studies decrease of IL-10 levels after subcortical and lacunar stroke was related with worse prognosis and in animal models increase of IL-10 levels after focal stroke was related with neuroprotective activity and reduce in brain damage [32,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Association of autonomic nervous system functions with immune response and prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients

Çiğdem¹,

Yıldız²,

Bakıcı³

et al. 2012

CMJ

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Aim. Cerebrovascular disease is the most commonly encountered condition which causes serious mortality and morbidity in neurological practice. It has been reported that heart rate variability declines in a cerebrovasculer disease, which shows that autonomic functions are affected. Autonomic nervous system has a significant role in monitoring immune status and controlling inflammation. Similarly, there are studies reporting that immune system is affected during acute phase of cerebrovascular diseases. In the present study, our aim was to investigate the effect of autonomic nervous system on immune response and prognosis in acute ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Method. 44 patients with middle cerebral artery infarction and 44 healthy controls were included in this study. Autonomic nervous system was evaluated using a methodology analysing the heart rate variability based on frequency. In order to evaluate the effects on immun system, serum levels of interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alfa and interleukin 10 were measured on the 1 st , 3 rd , 7 th and 10 th day by ELISA. Prognosis was evaluated by Rankin scale after 3 months. Results. Compared to the controls, low frequency power in normalized units (LFnu) was found to be high, high frequency power in normalized units (HFnu) was found to be low and ratio of LFnu/HFnu was found to be high in the patients group. The increase being more marked in left middle cerebral artery infarctions, interleukin-6 level were increased on the 10 th day and interleukin-10 level was decreased at all days compared to baseline in all patients. Interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α levels were lower in all patients but the decrease was more pronounced in patients having left middle cerebral artery infarction. There was no difference between the Rankin scores of the patients having right and left middle cerebral artery infarction. Conclusions. Ischemic cerebrovascular disease is associated with an effect on immune system. This impaired immun response can be correlated both with a decreased parasympathetic activity and an increased sympathetic activity particularly in patients with middle cerebral artery infarctions.Keywords: Stroke, heart rate variability, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor alfa Özet Amaç. Serebrovasküler hastalık nöroloji pratiğinde en sık karşılaşılan ve ciddi morbidite ve mortaliteye sebep olan bir durumdur. Serebrovasküler hastalıkta otonom fonksiyonlarda etkilenmeyi gösteren kalp hızı değişkenliğinde azalma olduğu bildirilmektedir. Otonom sinir sistemi immun durumun monitörize edilmesinde ve inflamasyonun kontrolünde önemli rol oynar. Benzer şekilde serebrovasküler hastalıkların akut döneminde immün sistemin de etkilendiğini gösteren çalışmalar mevcuttur. Amacımız akut iskemik serebrovasküler hastalıklarda otonom sinir sistemi fonksiyonunun immun yanıt ve prognoza etkisini araştırmaktır. Yöntem. Çalışmaya orta serebral arter infarktı olan 44 hasta ve 44 sağlıklı birey alınmıştır. Otonom sinir sistemi...

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Levels of Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines and Neurological Worsening in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Cited by 251 publications

References 49 publications

Expression of IL-10 and TNF-α in Rats with Cerebral Infarction after Transplantation with Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Expression of IL-10 and TNF-α in Rats with Cerebral Infarction after Transplantation with Mesenchymal Stem Cells

The etiology of poststroke depression: a review of the literature and a new hypothesis involving inflammatory cytokines

Association of autonomic nervous system functions with immune response and prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients

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