Levels of 12 Perfluorinated Chemicals in Pooled Australian Serum, Collected 2002−2003, in Relation to Age, Gender, and Region

Kärrman, Anna; Mueller, Jochen F.; Bavel, Bert van; Harden, Fiona; Toms, Leisa-Maree; Lindström, Gunilla

doi:10.1021/es060301u

Cited by 158 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…There is limited information about human PFC concentrations in the southern hemisphere. Two human studies from Australia 25,29 reported PFC concentrations that were comparable to the northern hemisphere, and in one study from Brazil, the concentrations were 5-10 times lower than levels found in the sera of donors in the United States.…”

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Perfluorinated compounds in maternal serum and cord blood from selected areas of South Africa: results of a pilot study

et al. 2010

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There is limited information about both environmental and human perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) concentrations in the southern hemisphere, and for the first time, concentrations of these compounds are reported in maternal serum and cord blood of South African women. The majority of the participants were of African Black ethnicity, with a similar socioeconomic status. In maternal serum perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was found to be the most abundant PFC (1.6 ng mL ) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS: 0.5 ng mL À1 ); however, in cord blood PFOA was the most abundant compound (1.3 ng mL À1) followed by PFOS (0.7 ng mL À1) and PFHxS (0.3 ng mL À1). Linear PFOS constituted 58% of the sum of PFOS, comparable with a reported percentage from Australia. Differences in PFC concentrations between communities were found, with the highest concentrations in urban and semi-urban areas. The median maternal PFOS concentration was lower than has been reported in other studies, whereas the PFOA concentration was the same. This clearly indicates that the exposure pathway is different from the western world. Significant differences in housing quality were observed and the urban and sub-urban community had the highest living and housing standards. Possible exposure pathways could be different from those elucidated in the western world with the exception of the urban community in our study that showed higher living standards in general and easier access to modern consumer products.

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Perfluorinated compounds in maternal serum and cord blood from selected areas of South Africa: results of a pilot study

et al. 2010

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“…[11][12][13][14][15] These findings suggest that general population is exposed to such perfluorochemicals which have globally spread at very low levels.…”

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confidence: 95%

“…The reaction mixture was then applied to high-performance liquid chromatography using a reverse-phase column (YMC-Pack pro, 4.6ϫ50 mm, YMC, Kyoto, Japan). The fraction containing p-bromophenacyl derivative of [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] C]PFOA was collected and was taken to dryness by flushing nitrogen, and p-bromophenacyl derivative of [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] C]PFOA was hydrolyzed with 10% (w/v) KOH/90% methanol (v/v) at 80°C for 60 min. After being neutralized with 6 M HCl, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] C]PFOA was extracted with ethyl acetate : hexane (1 : 1, v/v) as an ion pair with tetrabutylammonium in the presence of 0.29 M NaCO 3 buffer (pH 10.0).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The extract was used as a purified [1-14 C]PFOA. Radiochemical purity of [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] C]PFOA was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography after derivatization with 3-bromoacetyl-7-methoxy-coumarin as described previously 21) where more than 99% of the radioactivity was recovered in PFOA fraction, and less than 0.1% was found in the fractions of perfluoroheptanoic acid and perfluorohexanoic acid.…”

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Tissue Distribution and Hepatic Subcellular Distribution of Perfluorooctanoic Acid at Low Dose Are Different from Those at High Dose in Rats

Kudo

Sakai

Mitsumoto

et al. 2007

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Perfluoroalkyl chemicals have been used since the 1950s in a wide variety of industrial and consumer products. Among them, perfluofooctanoic acid (PFOA) was used primarily in an ammonium salt form as an emulsifier in the production of fluoropolymers, such as poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and poly(vinylidine fluoride).1) These polymers have been used in various consumers and industrial products, such as water-repellants for leather paper and textiles. The toxicity of PFOA has been characterized in numerous studies with various species.2) Early studies have shown that organic fluorine accumulated in the serum of occupationally exposed people.3) Resent studies have revealed that PFOA and pefluorooctanesulfonic acid have been found in water, [4][5][6] sediment, 7) wildlife 8-10) and human. [11][12][13][14][15] These findings suggest that general population is exposed to such perfluorochemicals which have globally spread at very low levels.PFOA is thought to remain in humans for long time by the study that has estimated PFOA half-life for 9 retirees from chemical plant to be 4.37 years on the average. 16) On the other hand, several studies that have been carried out on the fate of PFOA in experimental animals including rats have shown that biological half-life of PFOA in male rats was calculated to be 105 h after an intraperitoneal administration at the dose of 50 mg/kg, 17) 9 d after an intraperitoneal administration at a dose of 4 mg/kg, 18) and 6.8 d after an intravenous administration at a dose of 20 mg/kg, 19) respectively. In the studies using experimental animals, PFOA has been shown to be mainly distributed to the liver and serum/plasma, and easily excreted into urine. [18][19][20] The reason for such species difference in half-life of PFOA between humans and experimental animals may be due to the differences in the proteins responsible for distribution, binding and transport of PFOA. Alternative explanation is that the concentrations of PFOA used for the calculation of half-life of PFOA were quite different between humans and the experimental animals. In fact, serum concentrations of PFOA were shown be 11.7 mg/ml 24 h after an intraperitoneal administration at a dose of 4 mg/kg 18) and 61.5 mg/ml 24 h after an intravenous injection at a dose of 20 mg, 19) respectively, while serum samples of human that have been used for the calculation of half-life contained PFOA at the concentrations of 0.06-1.84 mg/ml.16) To date, however, toxicokinetic study has not been performed at the serum concentrations of PFOA corresponding to the levels in serum of humans.In the view of toxicological aspects, it is important to know the toxicokinetic data of PFOA at very low serum concentrations. In the present study, we demonstrated that tissue distribution of PFOA at very low dose is markedly different from those at high doses in experimental animals. MATERIALS AND METHODSMaterials PFOA was purchased from Sigma Aldrich Japan (Tokyo, Japan Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University; 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295,...

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“…Because of these features, PFCs are widely applied in industrial and agricultural production and domestic use. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a representative PFC, is used not only in conventional industries such as the chemical industry, leather and textiles, machinery, and medicines, but also in high-technology industries such as aviation and aerospace, semiconductors, microelectronics, and the military (Kärrman et al, 2006;Chen et al, 2009). However, PFOA poses a considerable threat to human health and the environment because of its persistence, bioaccumulation, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, and endocrine disruption activity (So et al, 2004;Luebker et al, 2005;Grasty et al, 2005;Prevedouros et al, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolation, identification, and degradation performance of a PFOA-degrading strain

Chai

Xie

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. The perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)-degrading strain YAB1 was isolated from the soil near a perfluorinated compound production plant through acclimation and enrichment culture, using PFOA as the sole carbon source. This strain was preliminarily identified as Pseudomonas parafulva based on colony morphology, physiological and biochemical features, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Using shaking flask fermentation, the maximum tolerable concentration of YAB1 on PFOA was found to be 1000 mg/L. The optimal conditions for bacterial growth and PFOA degradation were 30°C, pH 7, 2% inoculum, and an initial PFOA concentration of 500 mg/L. After 96 h of culture, the PFOA degradation rate determined by GC-MS analysis was 32.4%. When 1 g/L glucose was added to the inorganic salt culture medium, the degradation rate increased to 48.1%. Glucose was the best exogenous carbon source for the degradation of PFOA. This study reports the degradation performance of PFOA-degrading bacteria.

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Levels of 12 Perfluorinated Chemicals in Pooled Australian Serum, Collected 2002−2003, in Relation to Age, Gender, and Region

Cited by 158 publications

References 32 publications

Perfluorinated compounds in maternal serum and cord blood from selected areas of South Africa: results of a pilot study

Perfluorinated compounds in maternal serum and cord blood from selected areas of South Africa: results of a pilot study

Tissue Distribution and Hepatic Subcellular Distribution of Perfluorooctanoic Acid at Low Dose Are Different from Those at High Dose in Rats

Isolation, identification, and degradation performance of a PFOA-degrading strain

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