Levels, distribution, and ecological risk of organochlorines in red mullet (Mullus barbatus) and annular sea bream (Diplodus annularis) from the Gulf of Izmir, Eastern Aegean, in 2009–2012

Abstract

Organochlorine (OCs) concentrations were measured in two fish species, Mullus barbatus and Diplodus annularis, collected from Izmir Gulf during 2009-2012 in order to explain the status of these contaminants in edible fish. No data is available on the levels of organochlorines in marine organism from Izmir Gulf. In both fish species from the study area, Aroclors were determined in higher concentrations than organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Maximum concentrations of OCPs and PCBs measured in the edible part of D. annularis were 45-165 and 530-1591 ng g lipid weight (lw), respectively. DDTs (sum of DDT and metabolites) and cyclodienes ranged from 4-56 to 16-110 ng g lw, respectively. The levels of DDTs measured in the present study were generally comparable or lower than those found in studies from other Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean regions. The potential risks for fish consumers were assessed. Although the estimated daily intake (EDI) for DDTs, heptachlor, and drins through the sampled fish species by Izmir inhabitants was quite lower than the ADI (acceptable daily intake) established by the FAO/WHO, EDI for Aroclor 1254 was close to the ADI value of 20 ng g recommended by the IPCS (2000).

10-year time course of Hg and organic compounds in Augusta Bay: Bioavailability and biological effects in marine organisms

“…Liver concentrations typically depend on the current bioavailability of chemicals, while Hg in muscle reflects the long-term accumulation of this element influenced by the affinity of methyl-Hg for lipids of muscle tissues ( 46 ). Concerning organic compounds, the HCB concentrations measured in organisms were comparable to those measured in other polluted sites, i.e., Taranto ( 47 ), different areas of the Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean Sea ( 48 ), Ebro Delta (Western Mediterranean), Gulf of Naples, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea and Samsun region and Gulf of Izmir, Turkey ( 49 ).…”

“…Gulf of Izmir, Turkey (49). Despite the gradual temporal decreases in bioavailability, Hg concentrations measured in mussels and especially in M. barbatus exceed both the reference limit set by EU regulation for contaminants in seafood (CE 1881/2006) of 0.5 and 1 mg kg −1 , respectively, with the only exception of caged mussels collected in 2008 and fish collected from 2F site in 2004.…”

The use of fast molecular descriptors and artificial neural networks approach in organochlorine compounds electron ionization mass spectra classification

“…There are several major sources of these species including industrial sewage and municipal wastewater (Lee et al 2006;Antoniou et al 2006;Sánchez-Avila et al 2009), pesticides (Karlsson et al 2000;Carvalho 2017;Harmouche-Karaki et al 2018;Salvarani et al 2018;Nambirajan et al 2018), combustion gases (Morton and Pollak 1987;Hu et al 2010), or water disinfection by-products (Richardson 2003;Kawaguchi et al 2005;Moradi et al 2010). Organochlorine compounds have been frequently detected in surface (Chen et al 2011;Navarrete et al 2018;Ali et al 2018), ground (Shukla et al 2006;Jayashree and Vasudevan 2007;Chaza et al 2018) and potable waters (Aydin and Yurdun 1999;Gelover et al 2000;Palmer et al 2011), soil (Fang et al 2017;Thiombane et al 2018), wastewater, sewage sludge (Bester 2005;Clarke et al 2010), and marine organisms (Smalling et al 2010;Gonul et al 2018;Luellen et al 2018). Interestingly, there are also natural, non-anthropogenic sources of these compounds such as higher plants, ferns, certain fungi, algae, and phytoplankton Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05968-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.…”